摘要:
为探明氰戊菊酯对鱼类不同生命阶段的毒性效应，以斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫为测试生物，评价了氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生命阶段的急性毒性差异。研究发现，氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫胚胎的96 h-LC50值分别为0.901(0.664~1.22)和0.636(0.233~1.74) mg·L-1。氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎孵化有明显的促进作用，染毒48 h后，0.188和0.375 mg·L-1氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎的孵化率分别为88.9%和100%。氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的96 h-LC50值分别为0.00340、0.0183、0.00487 mg·L-1，氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的96 h-LC50值分别为0.0520、0.00277、0.00345 mg·L-1。因此，氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼不同生命阶段的毒性从高到低顺序依次为：仔鱼 > 成鱼 > 幼鱼 > 胚胎，氰戊菊酯对稀有鮈鲫胚胎、仔鱼、幼鱼和成鱼的毒性为幼鱼 > 成鱼 > 仔鱼 > 胚胎。试验结果表明，斑马鱼仔鱼对氰戊菊酯的敏感性高于稀有鮈鲫相应的生命阶段，相对于斑马鱼，稀有鮈鲫胚胎、幼鱼以及成鱼对氰戊菊酯的毒性作用更为敏感，说明氰戊菊酯对斑马鱼和稀有鮈鲫不同生命阶段的毒性效应差异较大。
Abstract:
To explore the toxic effects of fenvalerate on fish, the acute toxicity of fenvalerate to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) at different life stages were evaluated. The results showed that the 96 h LC50 values of fenvalerate to the embryos of zebrafish and rare minnow was 0.901 (0.664~1.22) and 0.636 (0.233~1.74) mg·L-1, respectively. The hatching rate of rare minnow embryos was significantly increased after the exposure to 0.188 and 0.375 mg·L-1 fenvalerate for 48 h, and the hatching rate was 88.9% and 100%, respectively. The 96 h LC50 values of fenvalerate to larvae, juvenile and adult of zebrafish was 0.00340, 0.0183, 0.00487 mg·L-1, respectively. For the toxicity of fenvalerate to larvae, juvenile and adult of rare minnow, the 96 h LC50 values was 0.0520, 0.00277, 0.00345 mg·L-1, respectively. The trend of acute toxicity of fenvalerate to zebrafish and rare minnow at different life stages was as follows: larvae > adult > juvenile > embryos for zebrafish, and juvenile > adult > larvae > embryos for rare minnow. Results demonstrated that zebrafish and rare minnow at different life stages exhibited the different levels of sensitivity to fenvalerate, and rare minnow was more sensitive to fenvalerate at the life stages of embryos, larvae and adult than zebrafish.
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