镉致癌的分子机制研究进展
Recent Research Progress in Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium Induced Carcinogenesis
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摘要: 镉是一种无处不在的重金属环境污染物，广泛用于工业环境中。普通人主要通过摄食、吸烟及饮水等方式摄入镉。1993年国际肿瘤研究机构(IARC)就已将镉及其化合物列为第1类人致癌物，镉的致癌性被广泛研究，大量研究发现镉会提高肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、消化道肿瘤等肿瘤的患病风险。但至目前为止，镉的致癌分子机制尚不清楚。大量研究认为镉通过以下几方面致癌：氧化应激、抑制DNA损伤修复、DNA异常甲基化、抑制细胞凋亡、影响细胞周期调控、致多种基因异常表达、雌激素样效应、促进肿瘤干细胞生长、慢性炎症刺激。Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental heavy metal pollutant which causes increasing worldwide concern. In the general population, exposure to cadmium occurs primarily through dietary sources, cigarette smoking, and drinking water. Cadmium has been classified as a human carcinogen by the international agency for research on cancer (IARC). In 1993, its carcinogenicity has been long established; most evidence is available for elevated risk for lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, gastroenteric cancer and so on. But the underlying mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis are still not clear. Many studies have been demonstrated that Cd induces cancer by multiple mechanisms: induction of oxidative stress, inhibition of DNA damage repair as well as apoptosis, aberrant methylation and gene expression, resulting in cell cycle arrest, as a metalloestrogen, promotion of cancer stem cell growth and induction of cancer via chronic inflammation. This review summarizes the recent advances in the carcinogenic mechanism of cadmium on the molecular medicine level.
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Key words:
- cadmium /
- heavy metal /
- carcinogenicity /
- molecular mechanism
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