摘要:
铝是一种金属元素,生物体内铝的含量很少。但铝在工业上的应用非常广泛,导致铝在水体、土壤以及各种水生及陆生动植物体内的含量不断升高,对生物体健康产生了一定风险。为了深入了解铝对我国水生生物的影响和生态风险,开展铝对水生生物毒性效应的研究工作是十分必要的。水体硬度对铝的生物毒性存在一定影响,但目前相关研究较少。本文以我国淡水生态系统为保护对象,收集和筛选了铝对淡水水生生物的毒性数据,同时对硬度与铝的毒性效应之间的关系进行了分析,结果显示铝对水生生物的毒性随水体硬度增加而降低,铝毒性与硬度相关关系的斜率为0.5600。通过硬度校正,采用物种敏感度分布法获得硬度为50 mg·L-1时我国铝的短期基准值和长期基准值分别为294 μg·L-1和24 μg·L-1。研究结果可为铝的生态风险评估和污染控制提供理论基础。
Abstract:
Known as metal elements, aluminium (Al) is very little in organisms. But the wide use of Al in industry has led to high vivo residual Al in water, soil and all kinds of aquatic and terrestrial plants and animals, which has a certain risk on the health of organism. In order to have a thorough understanding of the effect characteristics of Al to the aquatic toxicity and the ecological risk in China, it is necessary to conduct a research about the effects of Al toxicity to aquatic organisms. Water hardness has influence on toxicity of Al, but relavent research is relatively few at present. This article takes the freshwater ecosystems as protection target, collect and screen the toxicological data of Al to aquatic organisms, analyze the relationship between hardness and the toxic effect of Al. The results showed that the Al toxicity to aquatic organisms decreased with the increase of water hardness, the slope of relationship between toxicity of Al and hardness is 0.5600. Through hardness correction, the species sensitivity distribution method was adopted to deduce the short term criteria and long term criteria for Al which are 294 μg·L-1 and 24 μg·L-1 at the hardness of 50 mg·L-1 respectively. The results could be used to provide the theoretical foundation of ecological risk assessment and pollution control of Al.
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