摘要:
研究表明飞机旅行是传染病在世界范围内传播的主要途径之一。由于飞机机舱内的密闭性，具有乘客密度大、污染物负荷大、新风量小等特点，使机舱成为极易传播疾病的场所。为了探究机舱环境中耐药细菌和耐药基因的分布情况，选择一架国际航线空客A320机舱内高效空气过滤器滤膜颗粒物作为研究对象。结果显示，在该空客机舱滤膜上31种耐药基因的检出频率为83.9%。Ⅰ类整合子基因的相对含量高于所有耐药基因，为3.94×10-1(基因拷贝数/16S rRNA拷贝数)。β内酰胺类耐药基因的相对含量在1.51×10-5～1.26×10-2之间。3种磺胺类耐药基因的相对含量都相对较高，sul2的含量最高,为4.81×10-2。Ⅰ类整合子介导的耐药基因水平转移可能是机舱内耐药基因传播扩散的主要机制之一。此外，对分离出的64株细菌进行耐药表型检测发现，具有磺胺甲恶唑耐受性的细菌为50株(78.1%)，具有庆大霉素耐受性的细菌为41株(64.1%)，具有亚胺培南耐受性的细菌为24株(37.5%)。其中61株菌至少含有两重耐药性，只有4株芽孢杆菌对四环素具有耐药性。样本中分离出很多条件致病菌，比如阴沟肠杆菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌等，这对乘客和机组人员的安全造成直接危胁。上述研究结果表明机舱环境成为耐药基因跨境传播的重要途经。
Abstract:
Previous studies have suggested that airline travelling is one of the main pathways of the global spread of infectious diseases. The cabins serve as a breeding ground where diseases could easily transmit due to the airtightness of the cabin, the high density of passengers, the serious air pollution and the lack of fresh air. In order to investigate the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in the cabin environment, the high-efficiency air filter in an Airbus A320 cabin was selected as the research object. The results showed that 83.9% of the 31 subtypes of ARGs were detected in the air filter. The class Ⅰ integron (intI1) was with the highest relative abundance (3.94×10-1 copies/16S rRNA copies) among all the detected genes. The relative abundances of β-lactam resistance genes ranged from 1.51×10-5 to 1.26×10-2. Moreover, the 3 detected sulfonamide resistance genes were also prevalent in the filter, including sul2 with the most abundance as high as 4.81×10-2. Additionally, the results of the resistance phenotypic testing of the 64 isolated bacteria strains showed that 50 strains (78.1%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, 41 were resistant to gentamicin (64.1%) and 24 strains were resistant to imipenem (37.5%). Among them, 61 strains were resistant to at least two drugs, and only 4 strains were resistant to tetracycline. Many opportunity pathogens, such as Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus etc., were isolated from the sample, which would directly threat the health of the passengers and the cabin crews. These results suggested that the cabin environment were being an important pathway to transmit cross-nationally antibiotic resistance.
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