对羟基苯甲酸丙酯对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)鳃和表皮K+流速的影响
Effect of Propylparaben (PrP) on K+ Velocity in Skin and Gills of Mosquito Fish (Gambusia affinis)
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摘要: 食品、医药和化妆品等行业大量使用含有对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（propylparaben，PrP）的防腐剂导致其广泛分布于河流、空气和土壤等自然环境中。为探究PrP对鱼类的毒性作用，以食蚊鱼（Gambusia affinis）为模式生物，分别开展了急性毒性实验和K+流速检测实验。急性毒性实验中设置8种不同浓度的PrP溶液得到96 h半数致死浓度（96 h-LC50）和安全浓度；在K+流速检测实验中利用非损伤微测技术（non-invasive micro-test technology，NMT）分别检测在3种不同浓度（96 h-LC50/10（0.9 mg·L-1），96 h-LC50/5（1.8 mg·L-1），96 h-LC50/2（4.6 mg·L-1））的PrP溶液瞬时暴露和96 h暴露后食蚊鱼表皮和鱼鳃的K+流速变化。急性毒性实验结果表明，PrP的96 h-LC50为9.14 mg·L-1，安全浓度为2.85 mg·L-1；K+离子流速检测实验结果表明，随着PrP暴露浓度的升高，K+流速波动区间逐渐增大，且与暴露浓度成正相关；PrP瞬时暴露和96 h暴露后鱼鳃细胞均向外排出K+，具有剂量效应，K+外排量随着浓度的升高而增大；与之相反，鱼体表皮细胞向内吸收K+，K+流速波动区间随着浓度的升高而增大，呈现一定的剂量效应。上述研究结果表明，PrP对鱼体有一定的毒性，会破坏鱼体内钠钾泵的离子转运功能，PrP毒性强度与暴露时间和暴露方式有关，比较实验中鱼体2种组织的细胞，鱼体表皮细胞抵抗PrP损伤的能力更强，鱼鳃细胞对PrP暴露更敏感，鱼鳃细胞K+流速的变化可以有效指示PrP的毒性效应，为进一步研究PrP对鱼类的毒性机制提供依据。
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关键词:
- 对羟基苯甲酸丙酯 /
- 食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis) /
- 急性毒性 /
- K+流速
Abstract: Preservatives containing propylparaben (PrP) are commonly used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries, resulting in their widespread distribution in natural environments such as rivers, air and soil. In order to understand the toxic effect of PrP on fish, we carried out both acute toxicity experiments and ion flow velocity detection experiments on mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), which act as a model organism. In the acute toxicity experiment, 8 different concentrations of PrP solutions were set to obtain 96 h-LC50 and safe concentration. In the ion flow velocity detection experiment, non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) was used to detect the changes of K+ flow velocity in the skin and gills of mosquito fish after instantaneous exposure and 96 h exposure to three different concentrations of PrP solution (96 h-LC50/10 (0.9 mg·L-1), 96 h-LC50/5 (1.8 mg·L-1), 96 h-LC50/2 (4.6 mg·L-1)). Acute toxicity test results showed that the 96 h-LC50 of PrP were 9.14 mg·L-1, and the safe concentration were 2.85 mg·L-1. The experiment result of ion flow velocity detection showed that the fluctuation range of K+ flow velocity gradually increased with the increase of PrP exposure concentration, and was proportional to the exposure concentration. After PrP instantaneous exposure and 96 h exposure, fish gill cells all excreted K+ outward and exhibited a dose effect, and K+ outward displacement increased with the increasing of PrP concentration. On the contrary, fish epidermis cells showed absorption of K+, and the fluctuation range of K+ flow velocity increased with the increase of PrP concentration, showing a dose effect to some extent. The above research results showed that PrP has certain degree of toxicity to fish, which destroyed the ion transport function of sodium and potassium pump in the fish. Toxicity intensity of PrP was related to the exposure time and exposure mode. Compared with the cells of two tissues of fish, the fish epidermis cells were more resistant to PrP damage, while the fish gill cells were more sensitive to PrP exposure. Changes in K+ flow velocity of gill cells can effectively indicate the toxic effect of PrP, providing a basis for further study of toxicity mechanism of PrP to fish.-
Key words:
- propylparaben /
- mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) /
- acute toxicity /
- K+ flow velocity
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