手性农药水胺硫磷对浮游生物氧化应激的对映体选择性影响
Enantiomeric Selectivity of Chiral Pesticide Isocarbophos on Oxidative Stress in Plankton
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摘要: 用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography，HPLC）法对水胺硫磷（isocarbophos，ICP）2个对映体进行拆分与制备，分别以浮游植物水华微囊藻（Microcystis flos-aquae）和浮游动物大型蚤（Daphnia magna）为实验生物，考察了ICP导致2种浮游生物氧化损伤对映体选择性差异。结果显示：除了10-4 mg·L-1和10-3 mg·L-1，10-2～1 mg·L-1的（+）-ICP对水华微囊藻叶绿素a含量表现为抑制作用；而10-4～10-1 mg·L-1的（-）-ICP对水华微囊藻叶绿素a含量表现为促进作用。且在10-4～1 mg·L-1浓度范围内，（+）-ICP使其超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性显著下降，且最大下降31.2%，而（-）-ICP未引起SOD活性发生明显变化；（+）-ICP各浓度组诱导水华微囊藻的过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性的上升程度显著高于（-）-ICP；2个对映体未引起水华微囊藻发生脂质过氧化。此外，ICP对大型蚤的毒性要远远高于水华微囊藻；在1～20 μg·L-1浓度范围内，（+）-ICP未引起大型蚤SOD活性增加，而（-）-ICP则引起大型蚤SOD活性显著增加，且最高增加79.0%；2.5～10 μg·L-1的（+）-ICP诱导大型蚤CAT活性上升而（-）-ICP则导致CAT活性下降；（+）-ICP随着浓度的增加引起明显的脂质过氧化。研究表明，ICP对2种浮游生物的氧化应激均存在对映体选择性差异，且对水华微囊藻和大型蚤的毒性均表现为（+）-ICP>rac-ICP>（-）-ICP，但是其对浮游动物的毒害风险远大于对浮游植物。Abstract: Considering that the involvement of oxidative damage is implicated in the toxicities of various pesticides, the possibility of enantioselective oxidative stress induced by isocarbophos (ICP) on Microcystis flos-aquae and Daphnia magna was investigated in this study. Enantiomeric separation and preparation of ICP were performed on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results demonstrate that inhibitory effect on growth of Microcystis flos-aquae on only (+)-ICP 10-2~1 mg·L-1, but not on (+)-ICP concentration of 10-4 and 10-3 mg·L-1. Meanwhile, 10-4~10-1 mg·L-1 of (-)-ICP displays promotion effect on growth of Microcystis flos-aquae. Within (+)-ICP concentration range of 10-4~1 mg·L-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is significant suppressed. The maximal decrease is shown to be 31.2%. In contrast, (-)-ICP does not cause significant changes in the SOD activity. The promotional effect of (+)-ICP in catalase (CAT) activity is more remarkable than that of the (-)-ICP. However, the two enantiomers do not cause significant lipid peroxidation of Microcystis flos-aquae and Daphnia magna. Furthermore, the toxicity of ICP on Daphnia magna is much higher than that on Microcystis flos-aquae. In concentration range of 1~20μg·L-1, (+)-ICP does not increase the SOD activity of Daphnia magna, while (-)-ICP causes significant increase of the SOD activity of Daphnia magna, with the maximal increase shown to be 79.0%; 2.5~10 μg·L-1 of (+)-ICP induces the CAT activity of Daphnia magna, while the identical concentrations of (-)-ICP lead to a decrease in CAT activity. (+)-ICP significantly increases lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent way. These results suggest that ICP induce enantioselective toxicity of plankton mediated by oxidative damage. The toxicity hierarchies of ICP to Microcystis flos-aquae and Daphnia magna are both shown to be (+)-ICP>rac-ICP>(-)-ICP. However, it should be noted that the toxic risk of ICP and its enantiomers for zooplankton are far great than that for phytoplankton.
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Key words:
- isocarbophos /
- plankton /
- oxidative stress /
- enantioselectivity
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