南水北调中线总干渠水中酞酸酯类物质含量及风险评价
Levels and Risk Assessment of PAEs in Surface Water in Main Canal of Middle Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project
-
摘要: 本研究对南水北调中线总干渠水中酞酸酯类（phthalic acid esters，PAEs）的含量进行了周期性采样监测，并评估了其对人体健康和水生态系统的潜在风险。化学分析结果表明，15种PAEs的总浓度（ΣPAEs）为110.045～9 224.122 ng·L-1，其中邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate，DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二环己酯（phthalic acid dicyclohexyl ester，DCHP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（di-n-butylphthalate，DBP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（phthalic acid diisobutyl ester，DIBP）占主要组分。人体健康风险评价结果显示，总干渠水中PAEs不会对当地人群健康造成风险。多层次生态风险评价结果显示，某些PAEs可能会对水生生物造成潜在风险：（1） DEHP、DBP和DCHP等的风险商值（risk quotients，RQs）分别为35.060、9.062和1.347，提示其可能对水生生物造成潜在风险；（2）安全阈值法评价结果进一步证实，DEHP的安全阈值（MOS10）为2.97，对水生生物的潜在生态风险相对最高；（3）联合风险概率分布法评价结果显示，DEHP对5%浮游生物和底栖动物造成潜在危害的风险概率分别为11.3%和1.5%。综上所述，本研究结果表明，南水北调中线总干渠水中PAEs在当前水平下不会对当地居民造成健康风险，但DEHP可能会对水生生物造成低风险。Abstract: The occurrence, health and ecological risks of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were studied in surface waters from 11 sampling sites along the main canal of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Analytical results showed that the total PAEs (ΣPAEs) ranged from 110.045 to 9 224.122 ng·L-1, with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), phthalic acid dicyclohexyl ester (DCHP), di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and phthalic acid diisobutyl ester (DIBP) as dominant components. The health risk assessment demonstrated that no potential health risks of the PAEs in surface waters from the main canal posed to the local residents. However, some PAEs may pose potential ecological risk to aquatic organisms as indicated by multi-level risk assessment:(1) DEHP, DBP and DCHP were identified as potential risk factors to aquatic organisms with risk quotients (RQs) of 35.060, 9.062 and 1.347, respectively; (2) DEHP was further characterized as the most risky PAEs with a margin of safety (MOS10) of 2.97; (3) The probability of DEHP to induce damage to 5% plankton and zoobenthos species were 11.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Overall, our results may suggest that current levels of PAEs in surface waters from the main canal of middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project posed no risk to local residents, and DEHP may pose low risks to aquatic organisms.
-
-
Mi L J, Xie Z Y, Zhao Z, et al. Occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters in sediments of the Bohai and Yellow Seas[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 653:792-800 Arfaeinia H, Fazlzadeh M, Taghizadeh F, et al. Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) accumulation in coastal sediments from regions with different land use configuration along the Persian Gulf[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 169:496-506 Wang W, Leung A O W, Chu L H, et al. Phthalates contamination in China:Status, trends and human exposure-with an emphasis on oral intake[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 238:771-782 Zhang L L, Liu J L, Liu H Y, et al. The occurrence and ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in urban aquatic environments of China[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2015, 24(5):967-984 孔昊玥, 刘红玲. 最大累积率识别中国地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类关键污染物和复合污染生态风险[J]. 环境化学, 2021, 40(3):706-716 Kong H Y, Liu H L. Identification the key pollutants of phthalic acid esters in surface water of China and ecological risk of mixture based on maximum cumulative ratio[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(3):706-716(in Chinese)
He W, Qin N, Kong X Z, et al. Spatio-temporal distributions and the ecological and health risks of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface water of a large, shallow Chinese Lake[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 461-462:672-680 孙翠竹, 李富云, 涂海峰, 等. 邻苯二甲酸酯类对水生食物链的影响研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2016, 11(6):12-24 Sun C Z, Li F Y, Tu H F, et al. Review on the impact of phthalate esters on aquatic food chain[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2016, 11(6):12-24(in Chinese)
Zhang Y, Jiao Y Q, Li Z X, et al. Hazards of phthalates (PAEs) exposure:A review of aquatic animal toxicology studies[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 771:145418 Yang H, Wright J A, Gundry S W. Boost water safety in rural China[J]. Nature, 2012, 484(7394):318 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). National recommended water quality criteria:2002 Human health criteria calculation matrix[S]. Washington D C:Office of Water, 2002 Hamidin N, Yu Q J, Connell D W. Human health risk assessment of chlorinated disinfection by-products in drinking water using a probabilistic approach[J]. Water Research, 2008, 42(13):3263-3274 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Technical support document for water quality-based toxics control[R]. Washington DC:Office of Water, 1991 王若师, 张娴, 许秋瑾, 等. 东江流域典型乡镇饮用水源地有机污染物健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学学报, 2012, 32(11):2874-2883 Wang R S, Zhang X, Xu Q J, et al. Health risk assessment of organic pollutants in typical township drinking water sources of Dongjiang River Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2012, 32(11):2874-2883(in Chinese)
李婷. 珠江河口水体和沉积物中6种邻苯二甲酸酯污染及初步风险评价[D]. 广州:暨南大学, 2014:3-4 Li T. Pollution levels and risk assessment of 6 priority phthalate esters in water and sediments from estuaries of the Pearl River Delta[D]. Guangzhou:Jinan University, 2014 :3-4(in Chinese)
赵建亮, 应光国, 魏东斌, 等. 水体和沉积物中毒害污染物的生态风险评价方法体系研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2011, 6(6):577-588 Zhao J L, Ying G G, Wei D B, et al. Ecological risk assessment methodology of toxic pollutants in surface water and sediments:A review[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2011, 6(6):577-588(in Chinese)
Sirivithayapakorn S, Thuyviang K. Dispersion and ecological risk assessment of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the surface waters of Thailand[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2010, 84(5):503-506 郭勇勇, 杨丽华, 周炳升, 等. 长江上游水体中酞酸酯的污染水平及生态风险评价[J]. 水生生物学报, 2019, 43(S1):62-68 Guo Y Y, Yang L H, Zhou B S, et al. Contaminated level and risk assessment of PAEs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2019, 43(S1):62-68(in Chinese)
Jin X W, Wang Y Y, Giesy J P, et al. Development of aquatic life criteria in China:Viewpoint on the challenge[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2014, 21(1):61-66 杜娴. 重庆主城两江水体与沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯和多环芳烃污染水平及特征[D]. 重庆:重庆大学, 2012:1-146 Du X. Levels and characteristics of phthalate esters and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yangtze River and Jialing River from Chongqing's urban areas[D]. Chongqing:Chongqing University, 2012:1 -146(in Chinese)
施建伟, 朱静亚, 黄进, 等. 南水北调中线工程水源头区浮游生物群落研究[J]. 河南师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2016, 44(6):114-119 Shi J W, Zhu J Y, Huang J, et al. Study on plankton community in the water source area of the mid-line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion[J]. Journal of Henan Normal University:Natural Science Edition, 2016, 44(6):114-119(in Chinese)
尹炜, 王超, 辛小康. 南水北调中线总干渠水质管理问题与思考[J]. 人民长江, 2020, 51(3):17-24 Yin W, Wang C, Xin X K. Thinkings on water quality management of main channel in Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project[J]. Yangtze River, 2020, 51(3):17-24(in Chinese)
杨彦, 于云江, 李定龙, 等. 太湖流域(苏南地区)农业活动区人群PAEs健康风险评估[J]. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(6):1097-1105 Yang Y, Yu Y J, Li D L, et al. PAEs health risk assessment of agriculture area in Taihu Lake Basin (Southern Jiangsu Province)[J]. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(6):1097-1105(in Chinese)
Shi W, Hu X X, Zhang F X, et al. Occurrence of thyroid hormone activities in drinking water from Eastern China:Contributions of phthalate esters[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(3):1811-1818 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Risk assessment guidance for superfund Volume Ⅰ Human health evaluation manual (Part A) EPA/540/1-89/002[S]. Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1989 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Integrated risk information system (IRIS)[EB/OL]. (2021-07-29). https://iris.epa.gov/AdvancedSearch/ European Commission. European commission technical guidance document in support of commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and commission regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances, Part Ⅱ[R]. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2003 Hernando M D, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba A R, et al. Environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluents, surface waters and sediments[J]. Talanta, 2006, 69(2):334-342 中华人民共和国卫生部. 生活饮用水卫生标准:GB 5749-2006[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2006 Jin D C, Kong X, Li Y J, et al. Biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by Achromobacter sp. isolated from rural domestic wastewater[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015, 12(10):13510-13522 Gao X Y, Li J, Wang X N, et al. Exposure and ecological risk of phthalate esters in the Taihu Lake Basin, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 171:564-570 Zhao X, Shen J M, Zhang H, et al. The occurrence and spatial distribution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the Lanzhou section of the Yellow River[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27(16):19724-19735 Ai S H, Gao X Y, Wang X N, et al. Exposure and tiered ecological risk assessment of phthalate esters in the surface water of Poyang Lake, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 262:127864 贺小敏, 施敏芳. 梁子湖水体和沉积物中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及生态健康风险评价[J]. 中国环境监测, 2021, 37(2):115-127 He X M, Shi M F. Distribution characteristics and ecological and health risk assessment of phthalic acid esters in surface water and sediment of Liangzi Lake, China[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2021, 37(2):115-127(in Chinese)
董磊, 汤显强, 林莉, 等. 长江武汉段丰水期水体和沉积物中多环芳烃及邻苯二甲酸酯类有机污染物污染特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(6):2588-2599 Dong L, Tang X Q, Lin L, et al. Pollution characteristics and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalic acid esters during high water level periods in the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(6):2588-2599(in Chinese)
国家环境保护总局.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2002 梁建奎, 辛小康, 卢路, 等. 南水北调中线总干渠水质变化趋势及污染源分析[J]. 人民长江, 2017, 48(15):6-9 , 61 Liang J K, Xin X K, Lu L, et al. Analysis of water quality variation and potential pollution sources in main channel of Middle Route Project of South to North Water Diversion[J]. Yangtze River, 2017, 48(15):6-9, 61(in Chinese)
黄伟, 淡默, 舒木水, 等. 空气中邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征与人群暴露研究进展[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(4):345-354 Huang W, Dan M, Shu M S, et al. Research advance on distribution characteristics of and population exposure to phthalates in air[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(4):345-354(in Chinese)
Luo X, Shu S, Feng H, et al. Seasonal distribution and ecological risks of phthalic acid esters in surface water of Taihu Lake, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 768:144517 罗固源, 杜娴, 许晓毅, 等. 邻苯二甲酸酯在长江重庆段水体的概率风险分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2011, 20(1):79-83 Luo G Y, Du X, Xu X Y, et al. Probabilistic risk analysis for phthalate acid esters of water body in Chongqing section of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2011, 20(1):79-83(in Chinese)
刘娜. 典型PPCPs繁殖毒性效应与水生态风险评价[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2016:5 Liu N. Study for reproductive toxicity effect and ecological risk assessment of typical PPCPs[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2016:5(in Chinese) Liu N, Wang Y Y, Yang Q, et al. Probabilistic assessment of risks of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in surface waters of China on reproduction of fish[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 213:482-488 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2007
- HTML全文浏览数: 2007
- PDF下载数: 63
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
