Abstract:
Acetamiprid is preferred to treat flowering crops because of its low toxicity to honeybees compared to the other neonicotinoids, and fungicides are frequently used to control plant diseases during the flowering stage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential synergistic effect on Chinese honeybee (Apis cerana cerana) when exposed to acetamiprid and the common fungicides under laboratory conditions using topical application method and oral administration assay. Our results showed that the contact toxicities of acetamiprid increased to a certain extent with the exposure of field-relevant doses of fungicides on honeybees. The contact toxicities of acetamiprid increased by 14.02, 10.74, 8.50, 7.92, 4.77, 4.28, 4.19, 4.07, 2.74, 2.67 times and 8.01, 10.14, 4.80, 7.09, 2.66, 2.56, 3.62, 2.69, 2.24, 1.49 times after the topical application of prochloraz, propiconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconzole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, hexaconazole, pyraclostrobin, triadimefon, flusilazole for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Relatively low synergistic effect was observed after the oral exposure to the mixture of acetamiprid and fungicides with field-relevant doses for both 24 hours and 48 hours. The oral toxicities of acetamiprid increased by 3.62, 2.46, 2.10, 1.98, 1.56 times and 2.07, 2.81 2.20, 2.58 2.23 times when mixed with propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, prochloraz for 24 hours and 48 hours, respectively. In conclusion, the sequentially spray or mixed spray of propiconazole, prochloraz, tebuconzole, myclobutanil with acetamiprid on crops during their flowering seasons should be avoided, and the other six fungicides such as hexaconazole should be used with caution in case of the poisoning of forager bees.
点击查看大图
下载:
