重庆市典型行业废水中16种全氟化合物污染特征
Pollution Status of Sixteen Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Wastewater of Typical Industries in Chongqing City
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摘要: 为了解重庆市不同行业废水中全氟化合物（per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances，PFASs）的污染状况，在该市范围内选择橡胶制造业、塑料制品制造业、涂料制造业、印刷业、造纸和纸制品业、电气机械和器材制造业、电子设备制造业、汽车制造业、纺织业、医药制造业和化学纤维制造业11个典型行业的26家企业为调查对象，对企业污水处理设施进、出口废水中PFASs的污染水平进行研究。结果显示，16种PFASs在进、出水中均有不同程度的检出，检出率介于3%~100%之间，进、出水中PFASs总含量（∑16PFASs）范围分别为12.4~38 484 ng·L-1和10.0~48 677 ng·L-1，污染水平呈现中链>短链>长链的趋势。其中全氟辛酸（perfluorooctanoic acid，PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（perfluorooctane sulfonate，PFOS）是废水中最主要的污染物，分别占进水中∑16PFASs的50.8%和21.4%，出水中∑16PFASs的54.4%和20.3%。Spearman相关性分析显示，进出水中短、中链PFASs之间具有明显的正相关关系（P<0.05），表明两者有相似的污染来源和环境行为。比较进出水中PFASs的污染特征可知，企业污水处理设施对长链PFASs具有相对较好的去除效果，而对短、中链污染物的去除效率十分有限。26家企业废水与长江流域重庆段水体中PFASs的组成情况相类似，均以PFOA为首要污染物，且大部分出水中PFASs污染水平明显高于附近流域，表明工业废水很可能是重庆市地表水中PFASs的重要来源之一，因此工业废水中PFASs的治理需要引起重视。Abstract: To investigate the contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater from different industries in Chongqing City, the concentrations and distributions of 16 PFASs in the influent and effluent from industrial wastewater treatment stations (IWWTSs) of 26 enterprises were analyzed in the present study. Eleven typical industries, including the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, paint, printing, paper, electrical and mechanical products, electronic equipment, automobile, textile, pharmaceutical products and chemical fibers, were investigated. Results showed that all PFASs were detected in both the influent and the effluent of IWWTSs, with detection frequencies (DFs) ranging from 3% to 100%. The concentrations of total PFASs (∑16PFASs) in the influent and effluent were 12.4~38 484 ng·L-1 and 10.0~48 677 ng·L-1, respectively. The distribution of PFASs followed an order as medium- > short- > long chain PFASs. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the dominant compounds, accounting for 50.8% and 21.4% respectively in the influent, and 54.4% and 20.3% respectively in the effluent. Spearman correlation analysis indicates significant positive correlations between short- and medium chain PFASs in both the influent and the effluent (P<0.05), suggesting their potentially similar sources and environmental behaviors. Comparing the PFAS pollution in the influent and the effluent, the removal efficiency of long chain PFASs by IWWTSs was better than short- and medium chain PFASs. Similar compositions of PFASs were observed in the industrial wastewater of 26 enterprises and the water in the Yangtze River system of Chongqing City, with PFOA as the predominant compound. And the concentrations of PFASs in the effluent of most IWWTSs were higher than those in the nearby surface water, suggesting that the discharge of industrial wastewater is probably the pollution source of PFASs in the Yangtze River system of Chongqing City. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the treatment of PFASs in the industrial wastewater.
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