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燃煤烟气脱硫工艺分为湿法脱硫、干法脱硫和半干法脱硫3种[1-3]。其中,湿法脱硫工艺应用最广泛,SO2脱除率达95%以上。然而,该工艺存在设备腐蚀严重、易造成石膏雨,并产生大量废水等问题[4-6]。干法脱硫为气固反应,其工艺流程及装置较为简单,且具有能耗低、二次污染少等优点,但其脱硫效果较差、脱硫剂利用率较低,且系统运行可靠性不高[7]。半干法脱硫工艺为气、液、固三相反应,利用烟气显热可将湿浆料中的水分或喷入的增湿水加热蒸发以实现烟气增湿,其产物呈干燥态[8-9]。半干法脱硫工艺结合了湿法脱硫工艺和干法脱硫工艺的优势,且SO2脱除率可达90%以上[10-11],故备受关注。
半干法脱硫工艺采用Ca(OH)2为脱硫剂。在干燥条件下,Ca(OH)2几乎不与SO2反应,而在有水或水蒸气存在的条件下,Ca(OH)2与SO2具有很高的反应活性[12-15]。因此,探究水及其他因素对半干法脱硫效果的影响,对于其工况的选取及工艺的改进具有重要意义。式(1)、式(2)为有水及水蒸气存在的条件下Ca(OH)2与SO2的主要脱硫反应方程式。
本研究利用固定床反应器,以Ca(OH)2作为脱硫剂,考察反应温度、脱硫剂颗粒粒径、反应空速、模拟烟气中水蒸气含量对半干法脱硫反应的影响;同时,以脉冲增湿方法改善半干法工艺的脱硫效果,以期为钙基半干法脱硫工艺的改进提供参考。
钙基半干法燃煤烟气脱硫技术的影响因素
Influencing factors of coal-fired flue gas desulfurization by calcium-based semi-dry method
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摘要: 半干法烟气脱硫技术因具有耗水量少、产物易处理等特点而备受关注。基于固定床反应器研究了反应温度、脱硫剂Ca(OH)2颗粒粒径、反应空速及烟气中水蒸气体积分数对Ca(OH)2脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,Ca(OH)2颗粒粒径的减小、反应空速的降低、烟气中水蒸气体积分数的提高及低反应温度等因素,有利于SO2的脱除、Ca(OH)2利用率的提高及Ca/S的降低。当Ca(OH)2颗粒的平均粒径为0.58 mm、反应空速为2 500 h−1、模拟烟气中水蒸气体积分数为12%、反应温度为55 ℃时,可获得最佳脱硫效果。在SO2穿透浓度35 mg·Nm−3下,Ca(OH)2的利用率可达到71.3%,此时Ca/S为1.4。在上述条件下,SO2达到穿透浓度时,通过实施脉冲增湿可使穿透时间延长、Ca(OH)2利用率进一步提升至75.7%。本研究结果可为半干法脱硫工艺的改进提供参考。
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关键词:
- 烟气脱硫 /
- 固定床 /
- 半干法 /
- 脱硫剂Ca(OH)2 /
- 脉冲增湿
Abstract: Semi-dry flue gas desulfurization has attracted extensive attention because of its characteristics of low water consumption and easy treatment of products. The effects of reaction temperature, particle size of desulfurizer Ca(OH)2, reaction space velocity, and volume fraction of water vapor in flue gas on the desulfurization performance of Ca(OH)2 were researched in a fixed bed reactor. Results showed that the reduction of Ca(OH)2 particle size, the decrease of space velocity, the increase of water vapor volume fraction in flue gas and the low reaction temperature were conducive to the removal of SO2, Ca(OH)2 utilization and the reduction of Ca/S. The best desulfurization performance could be achieved when the average particle size of Ca(OH)2 was 0.58 mm, the space velocity was 2 500 h−1, the volume fraction of water vapor in the simulated flue gas was 12% and the reaction temperature was 55 ℃. When the SO2 penetration concentration reached 35 mg·Nm−3, the utilization rate of Ca(OH)2 was 71.3%, and the Ca/S was 1.4. Under the above conditions, when the content of SO2 reached penetration concentration, penetration time can be prolonged and Ca(OH)2 utilization rate can be further increased to 75.7% by implementing pulse humidification. The results of this study can provide reference for the improvement of semi-dry desulfurization process improvement. -
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