摘要:
物理化学方法对镉的监测忽略了其生物可利用性,生物监测可以有效地弥补这种不足。本研究测试了日本青鳉(Oryzias latipes)胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对镉的敏感性。结果表明:日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量对镉表现出较高的敏感性,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量在4 μg·L-1的氯化镉暴露后就出现显著降低;氯化镉对卵黄期仔鱼脊柱畸形的EC50低于国家地表水环境质量标准规定的Ⅱ类水标准;脊柱畸形率与镉浓度之间存在的线性关系,可为定量监测镉污染提供理论依据;脊柱畸形可以在48 h之内被4 μg·L-1的氯化镉极显著地诱导,因此这种潜在的生物监测模型很有希望应用到水环境污染的快速预警中。通过对国内主要水体中镉污染水平的分析发现,卵黄期仔鱼的蛋白含量变化和脊柱畸形率对部分水体的镉污染可以实现生物监测。因此,利用日本青鳉胚胎和卵黄期仔鱼对低水平镉污染的高度敏感性,能够建立起1种简易廉价并且有效的水环境中低水平镉污染的生物监测模型。
关键词:
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生物监测
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急性毒性
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日本青鳉
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镉
Abstract:
The bioavailability of cadmium was ignored in monitoring cadmium using physical and chemical method, however, biological monitoring is able to effectively make up for this disadvantage. The sensitivity of the early life stage of Japanese medaka to cadmium was determined in this study. Results exhibited that the protein content of embryo and yolk-sac fry were highly sensitive to cadmium. After exposed to 4 μ g·L-1 cadmium, the content of protein significantly decreased, indicating that sensitivity of yolk-sac fry was high. EC50 value of spinal deformity of yolk-sac fry for cadmium was less than the upper value of cadmium inⅡ value of the water quality standard GB3838-2002. A linear relationship between the ratio of spinal deformity and cadmium concentration can be used to quantitatively monitor cadmium. Furthermore, spinal deformity could be significantly induced by 4 μg·L-1 cadmium in 48 h, which make yolk-sac fry promising to be used in fast response to cadmium in water. Both changes of protein content and ratio of spinal deformity of yolk-sac fry could be used to monitor cadmium concentration in several main waters in China. Therefore, the embryo and yolk-sac fry could act as the sensitivity models for biological monitoring low level cadmium pollution.
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