杀螟丹与Pb对赤子爱胜蚓的联合毒性效应
Joint Toxicity of Cartap and Pb on Earthworms (Eisenia foetida)
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摘要: 环境中过量的农药和重金属会对生态系统造成不可逆的伤害，其复合污染可能会引起更严重的环境问题。本研究选取赤子爱胜蚓为受试生物，分别研究杀螟丹和铅（Pb）的单一及二元联合毒性效应，并考察其对受试生物生理生化指标的影响。结果表明，杀螟丹对赤子爱胜蚓单一毒性大于Pb，且毒性随时间增长而增强。24 h和48 h半致死浓度（LC50）分别为14.30 mg·L-1和12.36 mg·L-1，是Pb的67.9倍和73.8倍，两者联合后呈相加作用。对受试生物生理生化指标的研究表明，杀螟丹单一作用时，赤子爱胜蚓体内蛋白含量随浓度增加先升高后降低；Pb单一作用和杀螟丹与Pb二元联合作用时，蛋白含量随浓度的增加变化规律均不明显。经杀螟丹和Pb染毒后，赤子爱胜蚓体内过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）活性变化无明显规律，但超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性与丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量与杀螟丹、Pb的染毒浓度和时间存在一定联系。SOD活性在低浓度、短时间时被诱导，随着染毒时间的延长SOD活性受到抑制，而短时间内MDA含量变化不明显。SOD活性降低的同时蚯蚓机体受氧化损伤严重引起MDA含量的升高。研究结果可为农药和重金属复合污染的生态风险评估提供实验方法和数据。Abstract: Excessive pesticides and heavy metals could cause irreversible damage to ecosystems. The compound pollution may cause more serious environmental problems. Here, we explored the individual and joint toxicity of cartap and lead (Pb) on Eisenia foetida, as well as their impact on the physio-biochemical features of Eisenia foetida. The results showed that Pb was less toxic than cartap on Eisenia foetida, and their toxicity increased with the exposure time. The 24 h median lethal concentration (LC50) and 48 h-LC50 of cartap were 14.30 mg·L-1 and 12.36 mg·L-1, respectively, which were 67.9 and 73.8 times higher than that of Pb. The compounds of cartap and Pb manifested additive toxic effects. The exposure to cartap induced the increase of protein contents of Eisenia foetida at the initial phase and then decreased later. The Pb alone and the compounds of cartap and Pb showed effects on the protein contents with no regularity. The change of catalase (CAT) activity of Eisenia foetida exposed to cartap and Pb presented no regularity, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were potentially related to the concentration and exposure time of compounds of cartap and Pb. The SOD activity was induced at low concentration of the toxicant for a short time and then inhibited when exposure time extended. However, the MDA content did not change significantly in a short time. Interestingly, the SOD activity decreased when Eisenia foetida was seriously injured by oxidative damage, which in turn increased the MDA content. Our research provided experimental method and data for the ecological risk assessment of soils contaminated by pesticides and heavy metals.
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Key words:
- cartap /
- Pb /
- compound pollution /
- Eisenia foetida /
- joint toxicity /
- physio-biochemical features
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