摘要:
戊吡虫胍是一种从烟碱类和缩胺脲类杀虫剂活性结构拼接而成的系列化合物中筛选出来的新型杀虫剂,目前戊吡虫胍对非靶标生物的毒性研究报道较少。为探究戊吡虫胍的环境安全性,采用生物毒性试验方法测定了其对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、家蚕(Bombyx mori)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia fetide)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、赤眼蜂(Trichogramma nubilale)、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)、日本鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix japonica)共9种非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果显示戊吡虫胍对斜生栅藻和大型溞的半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为8.79 mg·L-1和10.97 mg·L-1,对家蚕、斑马鱼、赤子爱胜蚯蚓和非洲爪蟾的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为2.32 mg·L-1、13.74 mg·L-1、>100 mg·kg-1和19.30 mg·L-1,对赤眼蜂的安全系数为0.16~0.031,对蜜蜂急性触杀和急性摄入毒性分别为51.82 μg·bee-1和10.8×103 mg·L-1,对鹌鹑的急性经口和急性饲喂毒性LC50分别为>1 000 mg·kg-1和>2×103 mg·kg-1。按照最新国标(GB/T31270—2014)化学农药环境安全评价准则的毒性等级划分,戊吡虫胍除了对家蚕和赤眼蜂为高毒和极高风险外,对其余非靶生物均为低毒。
Abstract:
Guadipyr is a novel insecticide, which contains both neonicotinoid and oxiadiazine insecticidal activity moieties. Its toxicity to the non-target organisms remains largely unknown till now. In this study, the toxicity of guadipyr to nine organisms including algae (Scenedesmus obliquus), Daphnia magna, silkworm (Bombyx mori), zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio), earthworm (Eisenia fetide), tadpole (Xenopus laevis), parasitoid (Trichogramma nubilale), bee (Apis mellifera) and quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was determined. The median effective concentration (EC50) of guadipyr to algae and Daphnia magna was found to be 8.79 mg·L-1 and 10.97 mg·L-1, respectively; the median lethal concentration (LC50) of guadipyr to silkworm, zebrafish, earthworm and frog was 2.32 mg·L-1, 13.74 mg·L-1, >100 mg·kg-1 and 19.3 mg·L-1, respectively; the risk quotient of guadipyr to parasitoid was 0.0433; the median lethal dose (LD50) for contact toxicity and LC50 for oral toxicity to bee were 51.82 μg·bee-1 and 10.8×103 mg·L-1, respectively. The LD50 for oral toxicity and LC50 for dietary toxicity to quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were >1 000 mg·kg-1 and >2 000 mg·L-1, respectively. According to the GB/T 31270-2014, guadipyr is classified as a low-toxicity compound for most of the non-target organisms, and it exhibits high toxicity and risk only to silkworm and parasitoid.
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