摘要:
福寿螺是世界100种恶性入侵物种中唯一的水生螺,已对大理及周边地区造成了不可估量的经济损失和生态安全问题。为探究洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布及与水环境因子、季节之间的关系,探索福寿螺在大理地区的入侵机制,为大理地区高效防治福寿螺提供建设性建议,并为福寿螺时空分布格局的相关研究积累资料,于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在大理洱海及其上游水源地海西海、西湖、茈碧湖、绿玉池,以及罗时江湿地进行系统抽样,利用统计软件分析福寿螺分布与水质关系,结合GIS,分析福寿螺的时空分布以及潜在入侵危害。结果表明,从空间尺度上,洱海流域福寿螺有进一步扩散的趋势;从时间尺度上,福寿螺的密度随季节性水位的改变而变化;洱海流域的福寿螺分布和水质因子之间基本无相关性。
关键词:
-
福寿螺
/
-
密度
/
-
时空分布
/
-
洱海流域
Abstract:
P. canaliculata is the only aquatic snail among 100 malignant invasive species in the world. This snail is causing incalculable economic and ecological losses to Dali Prefecture of Yunnan, P.R. China. To assess the temporal and spatial distribution of P. canaliculata in this region and study the relationship between distribution pattern and the environment, we conducted field surveys during the winter of 2016 and the summer of 2017 in the overall Er'hai Lake catchment, which includes Er'hai Lake and the upstream Haixihai Reservoir, Xihu Lake, Cibihu Reservoir, Luyu Lake and Luoshijiang Wetland. In addition, we explored the mechanisms of the invasion process of P. canaliculata. The collected data on density of P. canaliculata and several environmental factors were analyzed using GIS. Results showed a spatial distribution pattern stretching from the upstream to the downstream of the Er'hai catchment, while the densities of P. canaliculata declined with the seasonal water level decrease. None of the assessed environmental factors showed significant correlations with the distribution pattern of P. canaliculata. In addition to these findings, we provide practical methods to control the population of P. canaliculata and present a review of past research.