摘要:
磷酸三苯酯(triphenyl phosphate, TPP)在电缆材料、塑料制品中被大量使用,是地表水中检出频率最高的有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂之一,近年来受到广泛关注。本文通过文献检索TPP的地表水环境暴露浓度以及对水生生物的毒性效应浓度,利用风险商(hazard quotient, HQ)和概率生态风险评价法(probabilistic ecological risk assessments, PERA)对我国主要地表水中的TPP进行多层次生态风险评价。结果显示,TPP在我国地表水中的浓度为0.2~96.3 ng·L-1,以生存为测试终点的急性毒性数据推导出的预测无效应浓度(predicted no effect concentration, PNEC)为36.49 μg·L-1,而以繁殖、发育和生长等为测试终点的慢性毒性数据推导出的PNEC值为1.30 μg·L-1。基于急、慢性毒性数据计算的风险商均小于0.1。我国地表水中TPP对0.1%到1%的水生生物造成繁殖、发育和生长等慢性毒性影响的概率分别为1.40%和0.04%,存在较低的潜在生态风险。
Abstract:
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP), one of the most widely used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), has frequently been detected in the environment and biota and received wide attention in recent years. In present research, predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) for TPP were derived based on acute and chronic toxicity data. The PNECs derived from chronic toxicity data which were based on endpoints of reproduction, development and growth were 1.3 μg·L-1 TPP, which was significantly lower than that derived from acute toxicity data based on survival (36.49 μg·L-1 TPP). In addition, a tiered ecological risk assessment for TPP to aquatic organisms in surface waters of China was conducted based on concentration levels of TPP in 52 surface waters of 6 major river basins and PNECs derived from acute and chronic toxicity. The results showed that concentrations of TPP ranged from 0.2 to 96.3 ng·L-1 in Chinese surface waters,and hazard quotients (HQs) were less than 0.1 based on PNEC derived from both acute and chronic toxicity data. Probabilities of exceeding NOEC based on chronic toxicity for 0.1% and 1% of the species were 1.40% and 0.04%, respectively, which present a lower ecological risk of TPP in Chinese surface waters.
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