[1] LUO L, ZHU R G, SONG C B, et al. Changes in nitrate accumulation mechanisms as PM2.5 levels increase on the North China Plain: A perspective from the dual isotopic compositions of nitrate [J]. Chemosphere, 2021, 263: 127915. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127915
[2] LI H Y, ZHANG Q, ZHENG B, et al. Nitrate-driven urban haze pollution during summertime over the North China Plain [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18(8): 5293-5306. doi: 10.5194/acp-18-5293-2018
[3] THIEMENS M H, JACKSON T. Pressure dependency for heavy isotope enhancement in ozone formation [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1990, 17(6): 717-719. doi: 10.1029/GL017i006p00717
[4] LUO L, PAN Y Y, ZHU R G, et al. Assessment of the seasonal cycle of nitrate in PM2.5 using chemical compositions and stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes at Nanchang, China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2020, 225: 117371.
[5] LUO L, KAO S J, WU Y F, et al. Stable oxygen isotope constraints on nitrate formation in Beijing in springtime [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 263: 114515.
[6] WALTERS W W, MICHALSKI G. Theoretical calculation of oxygen equilibrium isotope fractionation factors involving various NOy molecules, [rad]OH, and H2O and its implications for isotope variations in atmospheric nitrate [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2016, 191: 89-101. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.039
[7] FANG Y T, KOBA K, WANG X M, et al. Anthropogenic imprints on nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation nitrate in a nitrogen-polluted city in southern China [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011, 11(220): 1313-1325.
[8] HEATON T H E. 15N/14N ratios of NOx from vehicle engines and coal‐fired power stations [J]. Tellus:Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 1990, 42(3): 304-307.
[9] FELIX J D, ELLIOTT E M, SHAW S L. Nitrogen isotopic composition of coal-fired power plant NOx:Influence of emission controls and implications for global emission inventories [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012, 46(6): 3528-3535. doi: 10.1021/es203355v
[10] FELIX J D, ELLIOTT E M. Isotopic composition of passively collected nitrogen dioxide emissions: Vehicle, soil and livestock source signatures [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2014, 92: 359-366.
[11] WALTERS W W, GOODWIN S R, MICHALSKI G. Nitrogen stable isotope composition (δ15N) of vehicle-emitted NOx [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2015, 49(4): 2278-2285. doi: 10.1021/es505580v
[12] MILLER D J, WOJTAL P K, CLARK S C, et al. Vehicle NOx emission plume isotopic signatures: Spatial variability across the eastern United States [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2017, 122(8): 4698-4717. doi: 10.1002/2016JD025877
[13] THOMAS H. The isotopic composition of the ammonia and the nitrate ion in rain [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1957, 12(1、2): 97-102.
[14] LI D J, WANG X M. Nitrogen isotopic signature of soil-released nitric oxide (NO) after fertilizer application [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2008, 42(19): 4747-4754. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.042
[15] FELIX J D, ELLIOTT E M. The agricultural history of human‐nitrogen interactions as recorded in ice core δ15N‐NO3- [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2013, 40(8): 1642-1646. doi: 10.1002/grl.50209
[16] HASTINGS M G, SIGMAN D M, LIPSCHULTZ F. Isotopic evidence for source changes of nitrate in rain at Bermuda [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface, 2003, 108(D24): 4790.
[17] ZONG Z, WANG X P, TIAN C G, et al. First assessment of NOx sources at a regional background site in North China using isotopic analysis linked with modeling [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2017, 51(11): 5923-5931. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06316
[18] CHANG Y H, ZHANG Y L, TIAN C G, et al. Nitrogen isotope fractionation during gas-to-particle conversion of NOx to NO3− in the atmosphere – implications for isotope-based NOx source apportionment [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18: 11647-11661. doi: 10.5194/acp-18-11647-2018
[19] LUO L, WU Y F, XIAO H Y, et al. Origins of aerosol nitrate in Beijing during late winter through spring [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 653: 776-782. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.306
[20] 陈能汪, 洪华生, 张珞平. 九龙江流域大气氮湿沉降研究 [J]. 环境科学, 2008, 29(1): 38-46. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2008.01.007 CHEN N W, HONG H S, ZHANG L P. Wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen in Jiulong River watershed [J]. Environmental Science, 2008, 29(1): 38-46(in Chinese). doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0250-3301.2008.01.007
[21] SIGMAN D M, CASCIOTTI K L, ANDREANI M, et al. A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2001, 73(17): 4145-4153. doi: 10.1021/ac010088e
[22] CASCIOTTI K L, SIGMAN D M, HASTINGS M G, et al. Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2002, 74(19): 4905-4912. doi: 10.1021/ac020113w
[23] BÖHLKE J K, MROCZKOWSKI S J, COPLEN T B. Oxygen isotopes in nitrate: New reference materials for 18O: 17O: 16O measurements and observations on nitrate-water equilibration [J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2003, 17(16): 1835-1846. doi: 10.1002/rcm.1123
[24] LUO L, KAO S J, BAO H Y, et al. Sources of reactive nitrogen in marine aerosol over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in spring [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2018, 18(9): 6207-6222. doi: 10.5194/acp-18-6207-2018
[25] 何瑞亮, 蒋勇军, 张远瞩, 等. 重庆市近郊大气无机氮、硫沉降特征及其来源分析 [J]. 生态学报, 2019, 39(16): 6173-6185. HE R L, JIANG Y J, ZHANG Y Z, et al. Characteristics and sources of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen and sulfur deposition in the suburbs of Chongqing [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(16): 6173-6185(in Chinese).
[26] 张艳, 王体健, 胡正义, 等. 典型大气污染物在不同下垫面上干沉积速率的动态变化及空间分布 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 2004, 9(4): 591-604. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2004.04.05 ZHANG Y, WANG T J, HU Z Y, et al. Temporal variety and spatial distribution of dry deposition velocities of typical air pollutants over different landuse types [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2004, 9(4): 591-604(in Chinese). doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2004.04.05
[27] 杨周, 李晓东, 雷国良, 等. 成都市PM2.5中无机组分与硝酸盐氮氧同位素变化特征 [J]. 地球与环境, 2020, 48(1): 10-16. YANG Z, LI X D, LEI G L, et al. Characteristics of inorganic components and nitrate nitrogen-oxygen isotopes of PM2.5 in the Chengdu City [J]. Earth And Environment, 2020, 48(1): 10-16(in Chinese).
[28] 陈法锦, 贾国东, 陈建芳, 等. 广州夏季雨水硝酸盐δ15N变化特征 [J]. 地球化学, 2010, 39(2): 154-158. CHEN F J, JIA G D, CHEN J F, et al. The variation of nitrate δ15N in summertime rainwater in Guangzhou [J]. Geochimica, 2010, 39(2): 154-158(in Chinese).
[29] XIAO H Y, LIU C Q. Sources of nitrogen and sulfur in wet deposition at Guiyang, southwest China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2002, 36(33): 5121-5130. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00649-0
[30] KAWASHIMA H, KURAHASHI T. Inorganic ion and nitrogen isotopic compositions of atmospheric aerosols at Yurihonjo, Japan: Implications for nitrogen sources [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(35): 6309-6316. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.057
[31] ALTIERI K E, HASTINGS M G, GOBEL A R, et al. Isotopic composition of rainwater nitrate at Bermuda: The influence of air mass source and chemistry in the marine boundary layer [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 2013, 118(19): 11,304-11,316. doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50829
[32] SONG W, WANG Y L, YANG W, et al. Isotopic evaluation on relative contributions of major NOx sources to nitrate of PM2.5 in Beijing [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 248: 183-190. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.081
[33] LIANG J Y, HOROWITZ L W, JACOB D J, et al. Seasonal budgets of reactive nitrogen species and ozone over the United States, and export fluxes to the global atmosphere [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface, 1998, 103(D11): 13435-13450. doi: 10.1029/97JD03126
[34] ELLIOTT E M, KENDALL C, BOYER E W, et al. Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOx source contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface, 2009, 114(G4): 425-453.
[35] YANG, J Y T, HSU S C, DAI M H, et al. Isotopic composition of water-soluble nitrate in bulk atmospheric deposition at Dongsha Island: Sources and implications of external N supply to the northern South China Sea [J]. Biogeosciences, 2014, 11(7): 1833-1846. doi: 10.5194/bg-11-1833-2014