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水合肼作为一种重要的精细化工产品,在化工、农药、染料、医药、航空航天等领域应用广泛。水合肼的生产方法主要包括拉西法、尿素法、酮连氮法、过氧化氢法和空气氧化法等[1]。其中,酮连氮法具有能耗低、收率高等优点[2],已在国内大规模使用。酮连氮法制水合肼会产生大量废盐,据统计,每生产1 t水合肼成品,会产生4~5 t的废盐[3]。这些废盐与标准工业盐存在较大差距,无法直接回用。将酮连氮法制水合肼产生的废盐回用于离子膜电解制造烧碱是废盐资源化利用的一个出路。但废盐中的有机物等杂质会造成槽电压迅速升高[4],减少离子膜的使用寿命,从而增加企业的生产成本。为了提高生产效率,降低生产成本,就必须对废盐进行除杂提纯。
目前,针对废盐中有机物的处理方法主要有高温煅烧法[5-6]、热解法[7-8]、水洗法[9-10]等。高温煅烧法处理废盐中有机物较为彻底且此过程释放的热能还可用于发电等用途。但是,此法能耗较高,且易产生有毒有害的烟气和飞灰,对人体健康会产生危害。热解法相较于高温煅烧法所采取的处理温度较低,因此具有能耗较低的优点。但热解工艺的处理效果受多种因素影响,诸如热解炉构造、供热方式、热解温度等,需要针对不同的废盐体系采取有针对性的热解处理办法。水洗法是采用水或有机溶剂对废盐进行洗涤处理,使得废盐中的杂质能被淋洗剂带走,从而实现盐与有机物的分离。宁文琳等[11]采用二甲苯作为洗涤剂来处理呋喃酚醚化废盐,处理后单醚的回收率可达86.4%。分离的废盐可达工业盐标准,二甲苯在经过真空干燥后也可重新返回淋洗工序。CHEN等[12]采用水洗法处理垃圾焚烧循环流化床残渣,残渣中的水溶性氯盐提取量达83%,且残渣中的二恶英和二苯并呋喃等有机物不会随盐一起溶解到水中。通过水洗法不仅可处理焚烧残渣,提高其回收利用率,还可获得较为纯净的可进一步回收利用的混盐。陆振荣[13]采用水洗法处理尿素法制水合肼副产废盐,分离出的盐可回用于烧碱电解,洗涤母液吸收二氧化硫后经过一系列反应生产硫代硫酸钠,每年可为企业带来200×104元的利润。水洗法对于有机杂质种类较少的废盐较为适用,其操作简单、成本低、能耗少;该方法利用杂质与盐溶解性的差异即可去除废盐中大部分有机物。酮连氮法制水合肼副产废盐为三效蒸发后的结晶盐。其中,有机物种类基本上以未反应完的生产原料和生产过程中的副产物为主,可基本满足水洗法处理的要求。
响应曲面法是一种分析多变量间对响应值交互作用影响的手段,在食品、医药、废水处理及工程实验方面有广泛应用[14-22]。通过Box-Behnken实验设计能大大减少实验工作量,并利用响应曲面模型得出最优解[23]。针对酮连氮法制水合肼副产废盐中有机物含量高[24-25]、回收利用效益差等问题,本研究提出采用水洗法处理废盐的方式,通过研究水洗过程中的液固质量比、水洗次数和盐温度对废盐中有机物水洗处理效果的影响,并结合BBD(Box-Behnken)响应面优化法,探究水洗法处理废盐的最优工艺参数。
Water washing process optimization for the treatment of waste salt by-product of hydrazine hydrate produced by ketazine method
- Received Date: 26/01/2021
- Available Online: 10/06/2021
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Key words:
- waste salt of hydrazine hydrate /
- washing method /
- industrial waste salt /
- response surface methodology
Abstract: The production of hydrazine hydrate by the ketazine method can produce a large amount of by-product waste salt. These by-product salts cannot be directly reused in the ion-exchange membrane electrolysis process because they contain more organic impurities. The use of water washing to treat this kind of waste salt can achieve the basic removal of organic impurities in the salt, so that the waste salt can meet the requirements of the electrolytic production of sodium hydroxide. To explore the influences of various factors in the water washing process for treating the waste salt by-product of hydrazine hydrate produced by the ketazine method, the response surface method was used to establish the models of waste salt weightlessness rate and UV254 removal rate with liquid-solid mass ratio, washing times and the salt temperature and the experimental conditions used in the process were optimized. The results showed that the effects of liquid-solid mass ratio, the washing times and the salt temperature on the waste salt water washing process are: water washing number> Liquid mass ratio> salt temperature. According to the model predictions, the best process conditions were as follows: liquid-solid mass ratio 5: 8, washing times 2 times, salt temperature 25 ℃, and residence time 5 min. Under these conditions, the waste salt weightlessness rate and UV254 removal rate were 12.6% and, 97.8% respectively, which were basically consistent with the predicted results. The treated waste salt could meet the salt standard for diaphragm electrolysis, indicating that the water washing method is feasible to remove the organic impurities in the waste salt. The response surface method has guiding significance for the actual washing process.