-
污泥膨胀会制约活性污泥法处理污水效率、影响出水水质[1]。造纸废水的COD和悬浮物两个指标较高,并存在缺少氮、磷元素等特点[2-3],采用活性污泥法进行处理时,往往会产生污泥膨胀问题[4-5],严重时会影响出水水质。污泥膨胀的控制方法分为药剂控制、环境调控和代谢机制控制。郝晓地[6]从污泥膨胀形成机理、研究进展、控制修复措施几个方面对活性污泥的污泥膨胀进行了系统分析;艾胜书[7]根据污泥膨胀特性研究现状,分析了污泥膨胀的主要因素和控制措施,提出了添加选择器、调控运行参数等污泥膨胀控制思路;范念斯等[8]以膨胀污泥为接种污泥,通过续批实验研究发现微丝菌优势生长的影响因素主要有油酸碳源、厌氧/好氧交替环境和低温;范念斯等[9]从污泥负荷角度研究了丝状菌膨胀的控制方法;杨雄等[10]从微生物角度对氮磷缺乏所引发的污泥沉降性能进行了系统研究。刘春[11]通过对某造纸厂污泥浓度控制、污泥补充措施,解决了该厂污泥膨胀问题;张雪[12]用氧化沟处理造纸废水引发污泥膨胀并进行治理,研究投加聚合氯化铝、生物絮凝剂、双氧水等几种药剂来控制污泥膨胀。这些污泥膨胀控制方法往往只能在实验室开展的,而在实际造纸废水处理工艺中,对污泥膨胀成因进行研究,并总结污泥膨胀调控经验的较少。特别是在大型造纸废水处理厂,控制污泥膨胀对提高工艺运行稳定性、减少环境污染风险具有重要意义。
本案例旨在解决我国南方某大型废纸造纸污水处理厂 (处理规模15×104 m3·d−1) 的污泥膨胀问题,采取补充进水氮磷营养物质、更换混凝剂、控制系统DO、加大预曝气等调控措施以改变优势丝状菌的生存环境,并进行污泥膨胀控制,再结合污泥镜检和高通量测序分析,从微生物群落角度分析污泥膨胀前后菌群变化,以深入了解膨胀污泥群落特性,以期为同类污水处理厂探索节能降耗的污泥膨胀控制方法提供参考。
Sludge bulking control and microbial community structure analysis of a large papermaking wastewater treatment plant
- Received Date: 28/02/2023
- Available Online: 26/06/2023
-
Key words:
- papermaking wastewater /
- sludge bulking /
- filamentous bacteria /
- microbial community structure /
- engineering examples
Abstract: A papermaking wastewater treatment plant with a processing capacity of 15×104 m3·d−1 was taken as the research project to study the control of sludge bulking in the process. The living environment of dominant filamentous bacteria was changed by adding nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients to the influent, replacing coagulant with water and removing sulfide. controlling the DO of the system at 1.5 mg · L−1, and increasing pre-aeration in the selection tank. After regulation and control, SV and SVI in the system decreased significantly from 98% and 198 mL·g−1 to 37% and 80 mL·g−1, respetively,, and returned to the normal range, which successfully solved the sludge bulking problem of the plant. The results showed that the activated sludge bulking of the plant was mainly caused by the overgrowth of Type 021N filamentous bacteria (Thiobacillus sp.) and Beggiatoa sp. Based on the high flux analysis of microbial flora structure of activated sludge before and after sludge bulking control, from the perspective of species change, it was found that before and after sludge bulking, the proportion of Rhodococcus in Actinobacteria decreased from 2.92% to 0.19%, the proportion of Mycolata decreased from 0.1% to 0, the proportion of Meganema decreased from 0.14% to 0, and the proportion of Thiothrix decreased from 0.18% to 0.01%. These kinds of microorganisms were the main bacteria causing sludge bulking in the plant. The solution of this case can provide reference for other similar sludge bulking problems.