2022 Volume 17 Issue 1
Article Contents
Previous Article Next Article

Zhao Qian, Qi Qianju, Guo Jiahua, Li Qi. Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Typical Pesticides Endocrine Disruptor on Aquatic Flea[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(1): 137-149. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210707001
Citation: Zhao Qian, Qi Qianju, Guo Jiahua, Li Qi. Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Typical Pesticides Endocrine Disruptor on Aquatic Flea[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(1): 137-149. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20210707001
shu

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Typical Pesticides Endocrine Disruptor on Aquatic Flea

  • College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi'an 710100, China

  • Corresponding author: Li Qi, qili726@nwu.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 07/07/2021
    Accepted Date: 14/11/2021
    Fund Project:
  • Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially pesticides with endocrine disrupting effects, have attracted extensive attention for their potential ecotoxic effects because they can significantly affect the growth, development and reproductive systems of aquatic organisms. Daphnia magna plays an important linkage role in the food chain of aquatic ecosystem, and is more vulnerable to the effects of residual pesticides EDCs in the water column. Their toxic effects are of great significance in the study of aquatic ecosystem toxicology. In this paper, we focus on the growth and developmental toxicity and reproductive toxicity of pesticide EDCs to Daphnia magna, analyze the resulting oxidative stress and neurotoxicity from the perspective of enzyme activity changes, and reveal the mechanism of their toxic effects at the level of gene expression. We find that pesticide EDCs act through disrupting the nervous system and endocrine system. Besides, the research prospects of the combined toxicity and multi-generation effect of the pesticides EDCs were proposed, which providing a basis for further-exploring the toxicity of pesticides EDCs to Daphnia magna and assessing the ecological environment risk.
  • 加载中
  • 方琪,马彦博,张思远,等.农药内分泌干扰效应研究进展[J].生态毒理学报, 2017, 12(1):98-110 Fang Q, Ma Y B, Zhang S Y, et al. Research progress in endocrine disrupting effects of pesticides[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017, 12(1):98-110(in Chinese)

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Gore A C, Chappell V A, Fenton S E, et al. EDC-2:The endocrine society's second scientific statement on endocrine-disrupting chemicals[J]. Endocrine Reviews, 2015, 36(6):E1-E150

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    杨会会.湖北省地表水中有机磷农药的分布和健康风险评价[D].武汉:华中师范大学, 2014, 12(2):13-36

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    吕潇,李慧冬,杜红霞,等.农药类内分泌干扰物的研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报, 2006, 25(1):94-100 Lv X, Li H D, Du H X, et al. Advances in endocrine disrupting pesticides[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition, 2006, 25(1):94-100(in Chinese)

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Juberg D R, Borghoff S J, Becker R A, et al. Lessons learned, challenges, and opportunities:The US endocrine disruptor screening program[J]. ALTEX, 2014, 31(1):63-78

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Jordão R, Casas J, Fabrias G, et al. Obesogens beyond vertebrates:Lipid perturbation by tributyltin in the crustacean Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2015, 123(8):813-819

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Jeong T Y, Simpson M J. Reproduction stage specific dysregulation of Daphnia magna metabolites as an early indicator of reproductive endocrine disruption[J]. Water Research, 2020, 184:116107

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Han S, Choi K, Kim J, et al. Endocrine disruption and consequences of chronic exposure to ibuprofen in Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes ) and freshwater cladocerans Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2010, 98(3):256-264

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Printes L B, Fellowes M D E, Callaghan A. Clonal variation in acetylcholinesterase biomarkers and life history traits following OP exposure in Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008, 71(2):519-526

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ivorra L, Cardoso P G, Chan S K, et al. Environmental characterization of 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone in surface waters from Macao and Hong Kong coastal areas (Pearl River Delta) and its toxicity on two biological models: Artemia salina and Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 171:1-11

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Test No. 202: Daphnia sp. Acute immobilisation test[R]. Paris:OECD, 2004

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). Test No. 211: Daphnia magna reproduction test[R]. Paris:OECD, 2012

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Toumi H, Boumaiza M, Millet M, et al. Effects of deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticide) on growth, reproduction, embryonic development and sex differentiation in two strains of Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 458-460:47-53

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Kim Y, Jung J, Oh S, et al. Aquatic toxicity of cartap and cypermethrin to different life stages of Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes [J]. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 2008, 43(1):56-64

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Mokry L E, Hoagland K D. Acute toxicities of five synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1990, 9(8):1045

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Toyota K, Williams T D, Sato T, et al. Comparative ovarian microarray analysis of juvenile hormone-responsive genes in water flea Daphnia magna :Potential targets for toxicity[J]. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2017, 37(3):374-381

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Villarroel M J, Sancho E, Ferrando M D, et al. Effect of an acaricide on the reproduction and survival of Daphnia magna [J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999, 63(2):167-173

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Haeba M H, Hilscherová K, Mazurová E, et al. Selected endocrine disrupting compounds (vinclozolin, flutamide, ketoconazole and dicofol):Effects on survival, occurrence of males, growth, molting and reproduction of Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2008, 15(3):222-227

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Hernando M D, Ejerhoon M, Fernández-Alba A R, et al. Combined toxicity effects of MTBE and pesticides measured with Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays[J]. Water Research, 2003, 37(17):4091-4098

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Palma P, Palma V L, Fernandes R M, et al. Acute toxicity of atrazine, endosulfan sulphate and chlorpyrifos to Vibrio fischeri , Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna , relative to their concentrations in surface waters from the Alentejo Region of Portugal[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008, 81(5):485-489

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ren Z M, Li Z L, Zha J M, et al. The avoidance responses of Daphnia magna to the exposure of organophosphorus pesticides in an on-line biomonitoring system[J]. Environmental Modeling&Assessment, 2009, 14(3):405-410

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Hartgers E M, Heugens E H, Deneer J W. Effect of lindane on the clearance rate of Daphnia magna [J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999, 36(4):399-404

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Bettinetti R, Croce V, Noè F, et al. Ecotoxicity of p,p'-DDE to Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology, 2013, 22(8):1255-1263

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Manar R, Bessi H, Vasseur P. Reproductive effects and bioaccumulation of chlordane in Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009, 28(10):2150-2159

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Qiu X C, Tanoue W, Kawaguchi A, et al. Interaction patterns and toxicities of binary and ternary pesticide mixtures to Daphnia magna estimated by an accelerated failure time model[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 607-608:367-374

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Trac L N, Andersen O, Palmqvist A. Deciphering mechanisms of malathion toxicity under pulse exposure of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016, 35(2):394-404

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Andersen T H, Tjørnhøj R, Wollenberger L, et al. Acute and chronic effects of pulse exposure of Daphnia magna to dimethoate and pirimicarb[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006, 25(5):1187-1195

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Liess M, von der Ohe P C. Analyzing effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities in streams[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2005, 24(4):954-965

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Demetrio P M, Bonetto C, Ronco A E. The effect of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and glyphosate active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna (Straus)[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2014, 93(3):268-273

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    George T K, Liber K. Laboratory investigation of the toxicity and interaction of pesticide mixtures in Daphnia magna [J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2007, 52(1):64-72

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Matsumoto T, Ikuno E, Itoi S, et al. Chemical sensitivity of the male daphnid, Daphnia magna , induced by exposure to juvenile hormone and its analogs[J]. Chemosphere, 2008, 72(3):451-456

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Coors A, Vanoverbeke J, de Bie T, et al. Land use, genetic diversity and toxicant tolerance in natural populations of Daphnia magna [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2009, 95(1):71-79

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Wilsont P C, Foos J F. Survey of carbamate and organophosphorous pesticide export from a South Florida (U.S.A.) agricultural watershed:Implications of sampling frequency on ecological risk estimation[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2006, 25(11):2847-2852

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Pfaff J, Reinwald H, Ayobahan S U, et al. Toxicogenomic differentiation of functional responses to fipronil and imidacloprid in Daphnia magna [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2021, 238:105927

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Gauthier J R, Mabury S A. The sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor and its photodegradate demonstrate acute toxicity to the nontarget invertebrate species Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021, 40(8):2156-2164

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ginjupalli G K, Baldwin W S. The time-and age-dependent effects of the juvenile hormone analog pesticide, pyriproxyfen on Daphnia magna reproduction[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 92(9):1260-1266

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Barata C, Solayan A, Porte C. Role of B-esterases in assessing toxicity of organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, malathion) and carbamate (carbofuran) pesticides to Daphnia magna [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2004, 66(2):125-139

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Xuereb B, Noury P, Felten V, et al. Cholinesterase activity in Gammarus pulex (Crustacea Amphipoda):Characterization and effects of chlorpyrifos[J]. Toxicology, 2007, 236(3):178-189

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, et al. Genetic differences in the production of male neonates in Daphnia magna exposed to juvenile hormone analogs[J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 63(9):1477-1484

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Abe R, Toyota K, Miyakawa H, et al. Diofenolan induces male offspring production through binding to the juvenile hormone receptor in Daphnia magna [J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2015, 159:44-51

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Goto T, Hiromi J. Toxicity of 17alpha-ethynylestradiol and norethindrone, constituents of an oral contraceptive pill to the swimming and reproduction of cladoceran Daphnia magna , with special reference to their synergetic effect[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2003, 47(1-6):139-142

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Baer K N, Owens K D. Evaluation of selected endocrine disrupting compounds on sex determination in Daphnia magna using reduced photoperiod and different feeding rates[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1999, 62(2):214-221

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Palma P, Palma V L, Matos C, et al. Assessment of the pesticides atrazine, endosulfan sulphate and chlorpyrifos for juvenoid-related endocrine activity using Daphnia magna [J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 76(3):335-340

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Kim J, Kim Y, Lee S, et al. Determination of mRNA expression of DMRT93B, vitellogenin, and cuticle 12 in Daphnia magna and their biomarker potential for endocrine disruption[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2011, 20(8):1741-1748

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Navis S, Waterkeyn A, Voet T, et al. Pesticide exposure impacts not only hatching of dormant eggs, but also hatchling survival and performance in the water flea Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology, 2013, 22(5):803-814

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Religia P, Kato Y, Fukushima E O, et al. Atrazine exposed phytoplankton causes the production of non-viable offspring on Daphnia magna [J]. Marine Environmental Research, 2019, 145:177-183

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Lampert W, Lampert K P, Larsson P. Induction of male production in clones of Daphnia pulex by the juvenoid hormone methyl farnesoate under short photoperiod[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Toxicology&Pharmacology, 2012, 156(2):130-133

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, et al. Production of male neonates in Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea) exposed to juvenile hormones and their analogs[J]. Chemosphere, 2005, 61(8):1168-1174

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Kopp A. Dmrt genes in the development and evolution of sexual dimorphism[J]. Trends in Genetics, 2012, 28(4):175-184

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Marín I, Baker B S. The evolutionary dynamics of sex determination[J]. Science, 1998, 281(5385):1990-1994

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Palma P, Palma V L, Fernandes R M, et al. Endosulfan sulphate interferes with reproduction, embryonic development and sex differentiation in Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2009, 72(2):344-350

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Olmstead A W, LeBlanc G A. Insecticidal juvenile hormone analogs stimulate the production of male offspring in the crustacean Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2003, 111(7):919-924

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    de Souza Machado A A, Zarfl C, Rehse S, et al. Low-dose effects:Nonmonotonic responses for the toxicity of a Bacillus thuringiensis biocide to Daphnia magna [J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 51(3):1679-1686

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Tatarazako N, Oda S. The water flea Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) as a test species for screening and evaluation of chemicals with endocrine disrupting effects on crustaceans[J]. Ecotoxicology, 2007, 16(1):197-203

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Navis S, Waterkeyn A, de Meester L, et al. Acute and chronic effects of exposure to the juvenile hormone analog fenoxycarb during sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology, 2018, 27(5):627-634

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Tatarazako N, Oda S, Watanabe H, et al. Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia [J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 53(8):827-833

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Davies R, Zou E M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers disrupt molting in neonatal Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology, 2012, 21(5):1371-1380

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Watanabe H, Oda S, Abe R, et al. Comparison of the effects of constant and pulsed exposure with equivalent time-weighted average concentrations of the juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen on the reproduction of Daphnia magna [J]. Chemosphere, 2018, 195:810-816

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Hassold E, Backhaus T. Chronic toxicity of five structurally diverse demethylase-inhibiting fungicides to the crustacean Daphnia magna :A comparative assessment[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009, 28(6):1218-1226

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Song Y, Evenseth L M, Iguchi T, et al. Release of chitobiase as an indicator of potential molting disruption in juvenile Daphnia magna exposed to the ecdysone receptor agonist 20-hydroxyecdysone[J]. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2017, 80(16-18):954-962

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Zou E M, Fingerman M. Effects of estrogenic xenobiotics on molting of the water flea, Daphnia magna [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 1997, 38(3):281-285

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Masteling R P, Castro B B, Antunes S C, et al. Whole-organism and biomarker endpoints in Daphnia magna show uncoupling of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in phenolic derivatives[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 134:64-71

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Liu T, He Z R. Vessel segmentation using principal component based threshold algorithm[C]. Nanchang:2019 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2019:2739-2741

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Hassold E, Backhaus T. Chronic toxicity of five structurally diverse demethylase-inhibiting fungicides to the crustacean Daphnia magna :A comparative assessment[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2009, 28(6):1218-1226

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Scott G R, Sloman K A. The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour:Integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity[J]. Aquatic Toxicology, 2004, 68(4):369-392

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Toumi H, Boumaiza M, Millet M, et al. Is acetylcholinesterase a biomarker of susceptibility in Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) after deltamethrin exposure?[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 120:351-356

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Kotikova E A, Raikova O I, Flyatchinskaya L P, et al. Rotifer muscles as revealed by phalloidin-TRITC staining and confocal scanning laser microscopy[J]. Acta Zoologica, 2001, 82(1):1-9

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Fukuto T R. Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 1990, 87:245-254

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ubaid ur Rahman H, Asghar W, Nazir W, et al. A comprehensive review on chlorpyrifos toxicity with special reference to endocrine disruption:Evidence of mechanisms, exposures and mitigation strategies[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 755:142649

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Venkatalaxmi A, Padmavathi B S, Amaranath T. A general solution of unsteady Stokes equations[J]. Fluid Dynamics Research, 2004, 35(3):229-236

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Casida J E. Esterase inhibitors as pesticides:Because of favorable biological properties they are displacing other types of established compounds[J]. Science, 1964, 146(3647):1011-1017

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ren Z M, Zhang X, Wang X G, et al. AChE inhibition:One dominant factor for swimming behavior changes of Daphnia magna under DDVP exposure[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 120:252-257

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Crivellente F, Hart A. Establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system[J]. EFSA Journal, 2019, 17(9):e05800

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    巩宁,孟紫强,邵魁双,等.水蚤分子生态毒理学研究进展[J].生态毒理学报, 2020, 15(2):11-18 Gong N, Meng Z Q, Shao K S, et al. Advances in ecotoxicogenomics with water fleas[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2020, 15(2):11-18(in Chinese)

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Masteling R P, Castro B B, Antunes S C, et al. Whole-organism and biomarker endpoints in Daphnia magna show uncoupling of oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in phenolic derivatives[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2016, 134:64-71

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Baldwin W S, Graham S E, Shea D M, et al. Metabolic androgenization of female Daphnia magna by the xenoestrogen 4-nonylphenol[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1997, 16(9):1905

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Toyota K, Kato Y, Sato M, et al. Molecular cloning of doublesex genes of four Cladocera (water flea) species[J]. BMC Genomics, 2013, 14:239

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Ignace D D, Dodson S I, Kashian D R. Identification of the critical timing of sex determination in Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) for use in toxicological studies[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2011, 668(1):117-123

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Kato Y, Kobayashi K, Watanabe H, et al. Environmental sex determination in the branchiopod crustacean Daphnia magna :Deep conservation of a doublesex gene in the sex-determining pathway[J]. PLoS Genetics, 2011, 7(3):e1001345

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Toyota K, Miyakawa H, Yamaguchi K, et al. NMDA receptor activation upstream of methyl farnesoate signaling for short day-induced male offspring production in the water flea, Daphnia pulex [J]. BMC Genomics, 2015, 16(1):186

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Wuerz M, Whyard S, Loadman N L, et al. Sex determination and gene expression in Daphnia magna exposed to juvenile hormone[J]. Journal of Plankton Research, 2019, 41(4):393-406

    Google Scholar Pub Med

    Puckowski A, Stolte S, Wagil M, et al. Mixture toxicity of flubendazole and fenbendazole to Daphnia magna [J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2017, 220(3):575-582

    Google Scholar Pub Med

  • 加载中
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索
Export Citation
PDF
XML

Article Metrics

Article views(2377) PDF downloads(96) Cited by(0)

Access History

Research Progress on Toxic Effects of Typical Pesticides Endocrine Disruptor on Aquatic Flea

  • Received Date: 07/07/2021
  • Accepted Date: 14/11/2021
Fund Project:

Abstract: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially pesticides with endocrine disrupting effects, have attracted extensive attention for their potential ecotoxic effects because they can significantly affect the growth, development and reproductive systems of aquatic organisms. Daphnia magna plays an important linkage role in the food chain of aquatic ecosystem, and is more vulnerable to the effects of residual pesticides EDCs in the water column. Their toxic effects are of great significance in the study of aquatic ecosystem toxicology. In this paper, we focus on the growth and developmental toxicity and reproductive toxicity of pesticide EDCs to Daphnia magna, analyze the resulting oxidative stress and neurotoxicity from the perspective of enzyme activity changes, and reveal the mechanism of their toxic effects at the level of gene expression. We find that pesticide EDCs act through disrupting the nervous system and endocrine system. Besides, the research prospects of the combined toxicity and multi-generation effect of the pesticides EDCs were proposed, which providing a basis for further-exploring the toxicity of pesticides EDCs to Daphnia magna and assessing the ecological environment risk.

    HTML

Reference (82)

Catalog

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return

    All rights reserved: Reesearch Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Copyright © 1997-2016

    Address:  Postcode: 100085 Phone: 010-62941072 E-mail: stdlxb@rcees.ac.cn

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd  Technical support: info@rhhz.net