摘要:
溢油污染导致的原油和燃料油入海，会对海洋生物的生长发育过程产生影响。为研究溢油污染对海洋虾类的毒性效应，以斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)为研究对象，比较了不同浓度0#柴油和南海流花原油(LH原油)乳化液对斑节对虾不同发育阶段幼体的急性毒性效应。结果表明，3.59 mg·L-1 0#柴油和0.77 mg·L-1 LH原油乳化液可以显著降低斑节对虾无节幼体变态率(P < 0.05)，且对无节幼体变态具有延迟效应。较之0#柴油，LH原油乳化液对斑节对虾无节幼体发育的影响更为明显。0#柴油对斑节对虾无节幼体、蚤状幼体、糠虾和仔虾的48或96小时半致死浓度(48 h/96 h-LC50)分别为0.55 mg·L-1、0.42 mg·L-1、0.95 mg·L-1和1.09 mg·L-1，其对应的安全浓度分别为0.05 mg·L-1、0.04 mg·L-1、0.10 mg·L-1和0.11 mg·L-1；LH原油对上述幼体的48 h/96 h-LC50则依次为0.62 mg·L-1、0.51 mg·L-1、1.05 mg·L-1和1.42 mg·L-1，对应的安全浓度分别为0.06 mg·L-1、0.05 mg·L-1、0.11 mg·L-1和0.14 mg·L-1。斑节对虾不同发育阶段幼体对0#柴油和LH原油的耐受力依次为：仔虾 > 糠虾 > 无节幼体 > 蚤状幼体，0#柴油和LH原油乳化液对斑节对虾的毒性大小为0#柴油 > LH原油。上述结果为深入研究石油类污染对海洋生物的毒性效应提供了基础数据和理论依据。
关键词:
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柴油
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原油
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斑节对虾
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无节幼体
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急性毒性
Abstract:
Oil spill lead to crude and fuel oil pollution in marine water, and may affect the growth and development process of marine animals. Acute toxicity effects of dispersed No.0 diesel and Liuhua (LH) crude oil with different concentrations on Penaeus monodon were evaluated. The influences of diesel and LH crude oil on metamorphosis rate of nauplius larva of P. monodon were also analyzed. The results showed that, 3.59 mg·L-1 No. 0 diesel or 0.77 mg·L-1 LH crude oil exposure significantly declined metamorphosis rates of nauplius. This decline mainly caused by the delayed effects of dispersed oil on nauplius metamorphosis process. LH crude oil had higher toxicity on the development of P. monodon nauplius than No. 0 diesel. The 48 h/96 h-LC50 values (expressed in total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration) of dispersed No. 0 diesel to nauplius, protozoea, mysis and post-larvae were 0.55, 0.42, 0.95 and 1.09 mg·L-1, respectively, and the safe concentrations were 0.05, 0.04, 0.10 and 0.11 mg·L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the 48 h/96 h-LC50 values of dispersed LH crude oil to nauplius, protozoea, mysis and post-larvae were 0.62, 0.51, 1.05 and 1.42 mg·L-1, and the safe concentrations were 0.06, 0.05, 0.11 and 0.14 mg·L-1, respectively. These results indicated that LH crude oil was less toxic than No. 0 diesel to P. monodon larvae. As to different developmental stages larvae of P. monodon, protozoea was most sensitive to No. 0 diesel and LH crude oil, while post-larvae was the most tolerant. These results will be essential to understand the toxic effects of petroleum pollutants on marine animals.
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