滴水湖水系表层水体、沉积物和生物体内多环芳烃的污染特征及风险评价
Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water, Sediments and Organisms of Dishui Lake and Its Surrounding Water System
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摘要: 利用固相微萃取、微波萃取与液相色谱联用方法，对滴水湖水系环境中的水样、沉积物和生物样品中16种美国环境保护局优控的多环芳烃(PAHs)进行检测。结果表明，滴水湖水系水体中16种PAHs总量(∑PAHs)为19～446 ng L−1，沉积物中为90～1 410 ng g−1 dw(干重)，生物体内为73～426 ng g−1 dw；水中PAHs以2～3环为主，沉积物和水生生物体内均以3～4环为主；与国内外其他水系相比，表层水体中PAHs的污染水平较低，沉积物整体处于低到中度污染水平，生物体处于中等污染水平；滴水湖水体中的贝类食用风险很低，食用过量鲻鱼可能存在潜在致癌风险。污染源分析表明，滴水湖水体环境中PAHs的来源复杂，且随着滴水湖旅游资源及自贸区的开发，游客和交通流量日益增加，游船石油泄漏以及交通石油和汽油的燃烧逐渐成为滴水湖水体环境中有机污染物的主要来源。Abstract: Sixteen prior polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) congeners, which were proposed by US EPA, in the water, sediment and biological samples collected from Dishui Lake were detected using solid phase microextraction, microwave extraction and liquid chromatography. The results showed that the total concentration of 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) ranged within 19～446 ng L−1, 90～1 410 ng g−1 dw (dry weight) and 73～426 ng g−1 dw in the water, sediment and organism samples, respectively. The predominant congeners were 2～3 rings in water samples and 3～4 rings in sediment and organism samples. Compared with other water systems over the world, the concentration of PAHs was at a low level in the surface waters, a low-to-moderate level in the sediments, and a moderate level in the organisms. The dietary risk of shellfish in Dishui Lake was generally low. However, excessive consumption of the squid might cause a potential carcinogenic risk. Source analysis showed that the sources of PAHs in the water body of Dishui Lake were complex. With the development of tourism and free trade zones of Dishui Lake, tourists and traffic are increasing. Therefore, the oil leakage of cruise ships and the burning of crude oil/gasoline gradually become the main sources of organic pollutants in Dishui Lake.
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Key words:
- PAHs /
- Dishui Lake /
- risk assessment /
- source analysis
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