华东地区鳜肌肉重金属含量现状与风险分析
Pollution Status and Risk Analysis on Heavy Metals in Muscles of Mandarin Fish (Siniperca chuatsi) from East China
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摘要: 为了解我国华东地区鳜肌肉重金属含量现状，采集华东地区(江西南昌，安徽池州、滁州，江苏南京、扬州，浙江建德等)10个采样点野生鳜和池塘主养、池塘套养鳜样本共60份，采用原子荧光光谱分析法(AFS)、石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)测定鳜背部肌肉中铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、无机砷(As)、汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)等5种重金属的含量，评估其食用安全性与健康风险。结果表明，肌肉中Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的总检出率为98.67%，总超标率为11.67%；其中，Pb、Cd和As超标样，分别占总样本量的28.33%、15%和15%，超标浓度为(0.612±0.111)、(0.181±0.031)和(0.474±0.035) mg kg−1，71.43%的超标样分布于野生鳜群体；Cr、Hg的检出含量均低于我国鱼类水产品重金属的最高限量标准(GB 2762—2017)。3种养殖方式的鳜肌肉中重金属含量分布具有相似的规律(Pb>As>Cr=Cd>Hg)，野生鳜肌肉中重金属含量高于人工养殖鳜，池塘主养鳜与池塘套养鳜之间无明显差异。食用安全性评价结果显示，目前，华东地区鳜达到国家标准的限量要求，仅Pb、As含量稍高，分别占周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的14.42%和21.54%。健康风险评价结果显示，所有鳜样均未超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受水平(5×10−5 a−1)。野生鳜食用安全性低于人工养殖鳜，健康风险高于人工养殖鳜。上述研究结果为鳜水产品安全性评价与健康养殖提供了基础数据。Abstract: In order to provide information on safety assessment and healthy aquaculture of mandarin fish (Siniperca chautsi) in China, a total of sixty fish samples were collected to detect heavy metal content in muscles of mandarin fish from East China. Those fish were from different farming modes including mono-cultured pattern, mixed-cultured pattern and wild pattern, and from different cities of Nanchang, Chizhou, Chuzhou, Nanjing, Yangzhou and Jiande. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS) and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS) were used to detect heavy metals like Cr, Cd, As, Pb and Hg, in an attempt to evaluate food safety and health risks. The detection rate and the rate of over standard of heavy metals in all samples reached 98.67%, and 11.67%. The over standard rate of Pb (17 samples), Cd (9 samples) and As (9 samples) in all samples were 28.3%, 15% and 15%, respectively. The over standard concentration of Pb, Cd and As were (0.612±0.111), (0.181±0.031), and (0.474±0.035) mg kg−1 (wet weight), respectively. 71.43% of the over-standard samples were distributed in the wild population of mandarin fish. Cr and Hg content were below the national standard (GB 2762−2017). The distribution of heavy metal contents has consistency (Pb>As>Cr=Cd>Hg) in different regions with different culture patterns. The contents of heavy metals in wild fish were higher than those of the cultured (P<0.05), but there was no obvious difference between the mono-cultured fish and mixed-cultured fish (P>0.05). The edible safety of heavy metals in mandarin fish with maximum exposure was acceptable, based on the model of health risk assessment recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). However, the content of Pb and As accounted for 14.42% and 21.54% of provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), respectively. The result of health risk assessment indicated that the ingestion risk of heavy metals was below the maximal acceptable level (5×10−5 a−1) recommendation by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). In summary, the food safety of wild mandarin fish is lower than that of cultured fish, but the health risk is higher. The results of this study provide information for the safety assessment and healthy farming of mandarin fish.
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Key words:
- heavy metal /
- Siniperca chautsi /
- risk /
- East China
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