PVC塑料浸出液对3种海洋微藻光合作用及生长的影响
Effects of PVC Plastic Leachate on the Photosynthesis and Growth of Three Marine Microalgae
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摘要: 海洋微塑料作为一类新型环境污染物已经成为全球性环境问题。运用水样叶绿素荧光仪(Water-PAM)研究了不同浓度软聚氯乙烯(polyvinyl chloride, PVC)和硬PVC浸出液(0、50、100和200 g L−1)胁迫下球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和小球藻(Chlorella sp.)3种海洋微藻叶绿素荧光特性，包括PSⅡ最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际量子产量(Yield)、光化学淬灭(qP)和PSⅡ最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax)的变化，同时检测微藻的生长状况。结果表明，球等鞭金藻(金藻门)和中肋骨条藻(硅藻门)的4项光合作用参数在软PVC浸出液胁迫的96 h内均显著下降，且随软PVC浸出液浓度增加，下降幅度增大，在实验后期(48～96 h)达到最小值，表现为抑制作用。96 h时，球等鞭金藻和中肋骨条藻的细胞密度均在软PVC浸出液200 g L−1处理组达到最小值，分别占对照组的3.20%和11.90%。硬PVC浸出液胁迫对球等鞭金藻和中肋骨条藻的4项光合作用参数具有显著影响(P<0.05)，球等鞭金藻的4项参数均显著高于对照组。中肋骨条藻的相关光合作用参数均显著低于对照组。72 h时球等鞭金藻和中肋骨条藻的细胞密度分别在硬PVC浸出液100 g L−1和200 g L−1处理组达到最小值，为对照组的67.90%和82.50%，表现为抑制作用。小球藻(绿藻门)的各光合作用参数和细胞密度在软PVC和硬PVC浸出液胁迫的96 h内未产生显著变化。该研究证实PVC浸出液对微藻光合系统具有干扰作用，对海洋生态系统具有潜在风险。Abstract: Marine microplastics, as a new type of environmental pollutant, have become a global environmental problem. In this study, we investigated the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (the maximum efficiency quantum yield of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (Yield), photochemical quenching (qP) and the maximum relative electron transport rate (rETRmax)) and cell density of three marine microalgae, i.e., Isochrysis galbana, Skeletonema costatum and Chlorella sp. under different concentrations of soft and hard polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leachate stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 g L−1) by using water-PAM fluorometer. The results showed that the photosynthesis parameters of I. galbana (Chrysophyta) and S. costatum (Bacillariophyta) significantly decreased within 96 h of soft PVC leachate stress, and the decreasing trend got gradually intensified with the concentration of soft PVC leachate increasing. The photosynthesis parameters reached the minimum value in the later stage of the experiment (48～96 h), which suggested an inhibitory effect. At 96 h, the cell density of I. galbana and S. costatum reached the minimum in the treatment group of 200 g L−1 soft PVC leachate, which accounted for 3.20% and 11.90% of the control group, respectively. Hard PVC leachate stress had a significant effect on the four photosynthesis parameters of I. galbana and S. costatum (P<0.05). The four photosynthesis parameters of I. galbana were significantly higher than those of the control group. The four photosynthesis parameters of S. costatum were significantly lower than those of the control group. At 72 h, the cell density of I. galbana and S. costatum reached the minimum value in the treatment group of 100 g L−1 and 200 g L−1 hard PVC leachate, which were 67.90% and 82.50% of the control group, respectively, showing an inhibitory effect. The photosynthesis parameters and cell density of Chlorella sp. (Chlorophyta) did not change significantly within 96 h of soft and hard PVC leachate stress. This study confirmed that PVC leachate has a disturbing effect on the microalgae photosystem, resulting in potential risks to the marine ecosystem.
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Key words:
- PVC leachate /
- Isochrysis galbana /
- Skeletonema costatum /
- Chlorella sp. /
- photosynthetic parameters
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