太湖流域西北部地表水中农药的污染特征及生态风险评价
Distribution and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Pesticides in Surface Water of the Northwest of Taihu Lake Basin
-
摘要: 为研究太湖流域西北部地表水中农药的污染特征、时空分布及生态风险，分别于2019年3月（枯水期）和8月（丰水期）对目标区域的湖泊和重要河流中的农药进行监测分析。采用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱串联质谱法对120个地表水样品中的农药进行分析测定，共检测到7种杀虫剂和5种杀菌剂。整体上，枯水期农药污染较丰水期严重，农药总浓度的平均值分别为191.87 ng·L-1和171.07 ng·L-1。残留最高、分布最广的农药是吡虫啉（浓度范围ND ~197.97 ng·L-1，检出率98%）和多菌灵（浓度范围ND ~114.44 ng·L-1，检出率97%）。靠近农业区的漕桥河（S5和S6）和锡溧漕河（S36）是重污染区，漕桥河的S6点位是污染最严重的点位。采用风险商指数对农药进行生态风险评估，丰水期地表水中的农药对水生生物的威胁大于枯水期。有机磷类杀虫剂和苯并咪唑类杀菌剂对水生生物具有高风险，需要引起重视。Abstract: In order to investigate pollution characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution and ecological risk of pesticides in surface water in the northwest of Taihu Lake basin, pesticide residues in lakes and important rivers area were monitored in March (dry season) and August (rainy season) in 2019, respectively. One hundred and twenty collected surface water samples were analyzed by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Seven insecticides and five fungicides were determined in the samples. Concentrations of pesticides in surface water in the dry season were higher than in the rainy season, with average values of 191.87 ng·L-1 and 171.07 ng·L-1, respectively. Imidacloprid (concentration range ND ~197.97 ng·L-1, detection rate 98%) and carbendazim (concentration range ND ~114.44 ng·L-1, detection rate 97%) were the two most contaminated and widespread pesticides. The seriously polluted areas were Caoqiao River (S5 and S6) and Xilicao River (S36) which are close to the agricultural area, and the most seriously polluted point was S6 of Caoqiao River. Ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticides by calculating risk quotient (RQ) index in surface water during the rainy season was higher than that during the dry season. In addition, more attention should be paid to the organophosphorus pesticides and benzimidazole fungicides due their high risks to aquatic organisms.
-
Key words:
- pesticides /
- Taihu Lake basin /
- ecological risk /
- surface water
-
-
Sjerps R M A, Kooij P J F, van Loon A, et al. Occurrence of pesticides in Dutch drinking water sources[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 235:510-518 Jiao C, Chen L, Sun C, et al. Evaluating national ecological risk of agricultural pesticides from 2004 to 2017 in China[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 259:113778 Climent M J, Herrero-Hernández E, Sánchez-Martín M J, et al. Residues of pesticides and some metabolites in dissolved and particulate phase in surface stream water of Cachapoal River basin, central Chile[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 251:90-101 Zhang C, Hu R, Shi G, et al. Overuse or underuse? An observation of pesticide use in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 538:1-6 Xu M, Huang H, Li N, et al. Occurrence and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in typical surface watersheds, China[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 175:289-298 Zheng S, Chen B, Qiu X, et al. Distribution and risk assessment of 82 pesticides in Jiulong River and estuary in South China[J]. Chemosphere, 2016, 144:1177-1192 Carazo-Rojas E, Pérez-Rojas G, Pérez-Villanueva M, et al. Pesticide monitoring and ecotoxicological risk assessment in surface water bodies and sediments of a tropical agro-ecosystem[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 241:800-809 Kapsi M, Tsoutsi C, Paschalidou A, et al. Environmental monitoring and risk assessment of pesticide residues in surface waters of the Louros River (N.W. Greece)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 650:2188-2198 Metcalfe C D, Helm P, Paterson G, et al. Pesticides related to land use in watersheds of the Great Lakes basin[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 648:681-692 Liu L, Dong Y, Kong M, et al. Insights into the long-term pollution trends and sources contributions in Lake Taihu, China using multi-statistic analyses models[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 242:125272 Wang D, Yu Y, Zhang X, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in fish from Taihu Lake:Their levels, sources, and biomagnification[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2012, 82:63-70 Wang D, Wang Y, Singh V P, et al. Ecological and health risk assessment of PAHs, OCPs, and PCBs in Taihu Lake basin[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 92:171-180 Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, et al. Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides:Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS?[J]. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 2006, 25(6):838-865 Caldas S S, Rombaldi C, de Oliveira Arias J L, et al. Multi-residue method for determination of 58 pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water using solvent demulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Talanta, 2016, 146:676-688 Montagner C C, Vidal C, Acayaba R D, et al. Trace analysis of pesticides and an assessment of their occurrence in surface and drinking waters from the State of São Paulo (Brazil)[J]. Analytical Methods, 2014, 6(17):6668-6677 Palma P, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Alvarenga P, et al. Risk assessment of pesticides detected in surface water of the Alqueva Reservoir (Guadiana basin, southern of Portugal)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 488-489:208-219 Peng Y, Fang W, Krauss M, et al. Screening hundreds of emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) in surface water from the Yangtze River Delta (YRD):Occurrence, distribution, ecological risk[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 241:484-493 Liao J, Fan C, Huang Y, et al. Distribution of residual agricultural pesticides and their impact assessment on the survival of an endangered species[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 389:121871 Papadakis E, Tsaboula A, Kotopoulou A, et al. Pesticides in the surface waters of Lake Vistonis Basin, Greece:Occurrence and environmental risk assessment[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 536:793-802 Chen Y, Yu K, Hassan M, et al. Occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of pesticides in a river-reservoir system[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 166:320-327 Baqar M, Sadef Y, Ahmad S R, et al. Organochlorine pesticides across the tributaries of River Ravi, Pakistan:Human health risk assessment through dermal exposure, ecological risks, source fingerprints and spatio-temporal distribution[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 618:291-305 Hladik M L, Corsi S R, Kolpin D W, et al. Year-round presence of neonicotinoid insecticides in tributaries to the Great Lakes, USA[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2018, 235:1022-1029 Mahai G, Wan Y, Xia W, et al. Neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water from the central Yangtze River, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 229:452-460 Zhang C, Tian D, Yi X, et al. Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of five neonicotinoid insecticides in surface water and sediment of the Pearl Rivers, South China[J]. Chemosphere, 2019, 217:437-446 Chen Y, Zang L, Liu M, et al. Ecological risk assessment of the increasing use of the neonicotinoid insecticides along the east coast of China[J]. Environment International, 2019, 127:550-557 Wang X, Wang Y, Han Y, et al. The metabolism distribution and effect of imidacloprid in Chinese lizards (Eremias argus) following oral exposure[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 165:476-483 Si F, Zou R, Jiao S, et al. Inner filter effect-based homogeneous immunoassay for rapid detection of imidacloprid residue in environmental and food samples[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 148:862-868 Ugǧurlu P, Ünlü E, Satar E I. The toxicological effects of thiamethoxam on Gammarus kischineffensis (Schellenberg 1937) (Crustacea:Amphipoda)[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2015, 39(2):720-726 Zhu L, Li W, Zha J, et al. Chronic thiamethoxam exposure impairs the HPG and HPT axes in adult Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus):Docking study, hormone levels, histology, and transcriptional responses[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 185:109683 Gao J, Liu L, Liu X, et al. The occurrence and spatial distribution of organophosphorous pesticides in Chinese surface water[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 82(2):223-229 雷昌文, 曹莹, 周腾耀, 等. 太湖水体中5种有机磷农药混合物生态风险评价[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2013, 8(6):937-944 Lei C W, Cao Y, Zhou T Y, et al. Ecological risk assessment of five organophosphorus pesticides mixture in Taihu Lake[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2013, 8(6):937-944(in Chinese)
杨会会. 湖北省地表水中有机磷农药的分布和健康风险评价[D]. 武汉:华中师范大学, 2013:36-40 Yang H H. Distribution characteristic and health risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in surface water of Hubei Province[D]. Wuhan:Central China Normal University, 2013:36 -40(in Chinese)
Wu L, Verma D, Bondgaard M, et al. Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of parathion for characterizing its natural attenuation by hydrolysis at a contaminated site[J]. Water Research, 2018, 143:146-154 Reilly T J, Smalling K L, Orlando J L, et al. Occurrence of boscalid and other selected fungicides in surface water and groundwater in three targeted use areas in the United States[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(3):228-234 Wang C, Zhang Q, Wang F, et al. Toxicological effects of dimethomorph on soil enzymatic activity and soil earthworm (Eisenia fetida)[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 169:316-323 Liu W, Zhao J, Liu Y, et al. Biocides in the Yangtze River of China:Spatiotemporal distribution, mass load and risk assessment[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 200:53-63 Pourreza N, Rastegarzadeh S, Larki A. Determination of fungicide carbendazim in water and soil samples using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and microvolume UV-vis spectrophotometry[J]. Talanta, 2015, 134:24-29 De Gerónimo E, Aparicio V C, Bárbaro S, et al. Presence of pesticides in surface water from four sub-basins in Argentina[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 107:423-431 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2447
- HTML全文浏览数: 2447
- PDF下载数: 80
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
