代表性鲤科鱼类青鱼的物种敏感性评价
Species Sensitivity Evaluation of a Chinese Representative Cyprinid Mylopharyngodon piceus
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摘要: 物种敏感性评价是水质基准研究的重要内容。青鱼是我国典型淡水底栖鲤科鱼类。搜集和筛选了水体代表性污染物毒死蜱、苯并芘、荧蒽和三价砷对青鱼的毒性数据，并开展了这4种污染物对青鱼的急性毒性实验，评价青鱼的物种敏感性。结果表明：（1）毒死蜱、苯并芘、荧蒽和三价砷对青鱼96 h的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为0.31、0.011、7.00和0.87 mg·L-1；4种污染物对青鱼幼稚鱼均属于中高毒性，青鱼幼稚鱼敏感性整体上高于国际标准测试物种斑马鱼，说明青鱼幼稚鱼可能是较为灵敏的受试生物；（2）青鱼对各类污染物敏感性具有显著差异，对三价砷非常敏感，物种累积频率为8%，在无机砷的水质基准研究中值得关注；（3）在鱼类敏感性排序中，鲤科和鲑科鱼类对各种污染物较为敏感，青鱼作为典型底栖鲤科鱼类，在水质基准和生态风险评估研究中应给予更多关注。Abstract: Species sensitivity evaluation is an important part of water quality criteria research. Mylopharyngodon piceus is a typical benthic cyprinid in China's freshwater bodies. In this study, toxicity data of chlorpyrifos, benzopyrene, fluoranthene and trivalent arsenic were collected and screened and acute toxicity tests of the above four pollutants were performed to evaluate the sensitivity of Mylopharyngodon piceus. The results showed that:(1) The 96 h median lethal concentrations (LC50) of chlorpyrifos, benzopyrene, fluoranthene and trivalent arsenic for Mylopharyngodon piceus were 0.31, 0.011, 7.00 and 0.87 mg·L-1, respectively. The four pollutants were all moderately or highly toxic to Mylopharyngodon piceus fry, whose sensitivity was generally higher than that of the international standard test species Danio rerio, indicating that the fry may be a more sensitive test organism. (2) Mylopharyngodon piceus has significant differences in sensitivity to various pollutants, which is sensitive to trivalent arsenic with the cumulative frequency of 8%. Therefore, it is worthy of attention in the study of inorganic arsenic water quality crieria. (3) Cyprinidae and Salmonidae are relatively sensitive to various pollutants in fish sensitivity distribution. More attention should be given to Mylopharyngodon piceus, the typical benthic cyprinid, in the study of water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment.
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Key words:
- Mylopharyngodon piceus /
- species sensitivity /
- Cyprinidae /
- freshwater fish /
- test organisms
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