草铵膦和草甘膦在水环境中的行为和毒性效应研究进展
Research Progress on Behavior and Toxic Effects of Glufosinate and Glyphosate in Water Environments
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摘要: 草铵膦和草甘膦均为灭生性广谱除草剂，具有低毒、高效的特点，是目前世界上使用最多的2种有机磷类除草剂，广泛应用于防除果园、非耕地等的杂草。在世界范围内广泛使用导致这2种农药越来越多地进入环境，尤其是水环境中。由于草铵膦和草甘膦在水中的溶解度大，且在水溶液中较稳定，目前在多地的水体中均检出2种农药残留。随着对草铵膦和草甘膦毒性研究的深入，有越来越多的研究结果显示这2种农药对水生生物存在一定的毒性。针对目前草铵膦和草甘膦在水体中的环境行为和毒性效应（包括对鱼类、藻类和其他水生生物的毒性效应）研究进展进行了总结，旨为草铵膦和草甘膦在水环境中的环境行为和对水生生物的毒性研究提供有益借鉴，为2种农药的合理使用提供参考。Abstract: Both glufosinate and glyphosate are broad-spectrum herbicides with low toxicity and high efficiency. They are two of the most commonly used organophosphate herbicides in the world and widely used to control weeds in orchards and non-arable lands. The wide use of these pesticides in the world has led to their increasing access to the environment, especially in the water environment. Due to the high solubility of glufosinate and glyphosate in water and their stability in aqueous solution, the residues of the two pesticides have been detected in many water bodies. With the further research on the toxicity of glufosinate and glyphosate, more and more research results show that these two pesticides have certain toxicity to aquatic organisms. In this paper, the environmental fate and toxic effects (including the toxic effects on fish, algae and other aquatic organisms) of glufosinate and glyphosate in water bodies were reviewed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful reference for the research on the environmental behavior of glufosinate and glyphosate in water and the toxicity to aquatic organisms, and to provide a reference for the rational use of the two pesticides.
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Key words:
- glufosinate /
- glyphosate /
- environment behavior in water /
- toxicity effect
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