双酚A对哺乳类实验动物雄性生殖系统发育的影响
Effects of Bisphenol A on Development of Male Reproductive System in Mammal Laboratory Animals
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摘要: 内分泌干扰物双酚A（bisphenol A，BPA）对生殖系统尤其是雄性生殖系统的影响一直受到关注，然而目前相关研究中存在诸多不一致的结果。本文系统分析了低剂量BPA对哺乳类实验动物大鼠和小鼠雄性生殖系统发育影响的文献，重点关注睾丸和附睾的质量、睾丸组织学结构、附属腺和外生殖器参数、肛殖距、精子参数和性激素水平等指标的变化，并探讨了实验结果与实验设计某些因素的相关性。经分析发现，妊娠期BPA暴露对实验鼠雄性生殖系统的影响呈现比较一致的阳性结果，但是哺乳期暴露和妊娠至哺乳期的暴露存在很多矛盾的结果；而动物品系、给药方式等因素与实验结果之间没有明确的关系，即便相似甚至相同的实验设计下也出现了不同的结果。进一步分析发现，有些研究在实验质量控制方面存在一定的缺陷，这可能是造成矛盾结果的主要原因。综合来看，BPA在器官水平和组织病理学水平对雄性生殖系统发育的影响较弱，基于此类指标的效应判断容易受到实验设计因素和质量控制的影响，最终可能导致不一致的结果。由此建议，今后相关研究在加强质量控制的同时，应重点关注BPA对细胞和分子层面的损伤。Abstract: The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), on the reproductive system, especially the male reproductive system, have received much attention. However, some contradictory results are confusing. This review systematically analyzed the literatures concerning on the effects of low doses of BPA on the development of the male reproductive system in mammal laboratory animals, with focus on changes in testis mass, epididymis mass, testis histology, development of accessory glands and external genitals, anogenital distance, sperm parameters and sex hormone levels, and explored the possible correlations between the results and certain experimental factors. As a result, it was concluded that gestational exposure to BPA generally produced consistent adverse effects, while contradictory results appeared when animals were treated during lactation or from gestation to lactation, even under similar or the same experimental design. The data show no clear correlation between experimental results and experimental factors. Further analysis revealed certain defects of quality control in some literatures, which could be responsible for inconsistent results among experimental results. Taken together, BPA could lack strong influences on the development of the male reproductive system at the organ and histopathological levels, thereby resulting in the experimental results being easily interfered by experimental factors or quality control. Therefore, future relevant research should focus on cellular and molecular damages of BPA to the male reproductive system while strengthening experimental quality control.
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Key words:
- bisphenol A /
- male reproductive system /
- endocrine disrupting chemical /
- quality control
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