焦化场地典型多环芳烃类污染物精细化风险评估
Refined Risk Assessment of Typical Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Coking Site
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摘要: 为准确评估多环芳烃（PAHs）污染土壤对人体的健康风险，解决目前基于总量风险评估导致土壤PAHs修复目标值过严的问题，采用德国标准研究院颁布的生物可给性测试方式研究了石家庄某焦化厂土壤中苯并荧蒽（BBF）、苯并荧蒽（BKF）、苯并芘（BAP）、茚并芘（IPY）和二苯并蒽（DBA）共5种PAHs的生物可给性，并基于考虑和不考虑生物可给性计算了场地PAHs经口摄入途径下的人体健康致癌风险及修复目标值。结果表明，（1）调查研究区域BBF、BAP、IPY和DBA浓度超出《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB36600-2018）规定的第一类用地筛选值；（2）土壤中PAHs的生物可给性范围为14.71%~56.42%；（3）在考虑生物可给性后，4种超标PAHs的健康风险均有所降低，其中BBF的风险值已低于国家导则规定的人体可接受水平；（4）引入生物可给性后BAP、IPY和DBA的修复目标值（95% UCL）为2.83、34.63和1.95 mg·kg-1，分别提高了2.6倍、3.4倍和1.5倍。对焦化场地典型污染物PAHs进行精细化健康风险评估，可以在一定程度上克服现有技术导则计算土壤PAHs修复目标值过于严格的问题。Abstract: In order to address the excessive stringency of the remediation target values derived from human health risk assessments based on total concentrations of PAHs, the bioaccessibility of benzo fluoranthene (BBF), benzo fluoranthene (BKF), benzo pyrene (BAP), indenopyrene (IPY) and dibenzo anthracene (DBA) in the soils of a coking plant in Shijiazhuang, were tested using the German Standards Institute (Deutsches Institut für Normung, DIN) method. The results showed that:(1) the concentrations of BBF, BAP, IPY and DBA in the soils of the investigated area exceeded the screening values of the first type of land-use in GB36600-2018; (2) the bioaccessibility of the five PAHs in the soils of the coking plant ranged from 14.71% to 56.42%; (3) the health risks of BBF, BKF, BAP, IPY and DBA were reduced after taking into account the bioaccessibility, of which the risk of BBF was reduced to an acceptable level; (4) the target values (95% UCL) of BAP, IPY and DBA increased by 2.6, 3.4 and 1.5 times with taking bioaccessibility into account, which were 2.83, 34.63 and 1.95 mg·kg-1, respectively. Carrying out refined health risk assessments of PAHs in the soils of coking sites can resolve the problems of overly stringent remediation targets resulted from the conservative risk assessment in the current technical guidelines.
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Key words:
- PAHs /
- coking plant /
- bioaccessibility /
- refined risk assessments
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