不同钝化剂对土壤环境中重金属有效性和微生物群落的影响
Effects of Different Amendments on the Availability of Heavy Metals and Microbial Communities in Contaminated Soils
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摘要: 以云南省澜沧拉祜族自治县铅矿区农田污染土壤为研究对象，采用土培实验的方法，研究生物炭、腐殖土和海泡石单施及配施条件下，土壤Pb、Zn和Cd有效态含量、重金属形态分布及微生物群落的变化。结果表明，腐殖土和生物炭改良剂均能有效地降低生物有效态Pb、Zn和Cd的含量，低剂量海泡石的添加修复效果不明显。其中，腐殖土的施入使土壤中有效态Pb、Zn和Cd含量降低了42.27%、45.38%和21.99%；腐殖土和生物炭复合修复使有效态Pb平均降低了60.30%。土壤重金属各赋存形态的分级提取结果表明，生物炭和腐殖土会使Pb和Zn向趋于较稳定的形态转化，果木生物炭的单施和与腐殖土混施均增加了Pb和Zn残渣态所占比例。5%复合剂（秸秆生物炭与海泡石）、2%复合剂（秸秆生物炭与腐殖土）修复后土壤微生物总量分别增加了80.29%和68.52%；丛枝菌根真菌数量分别增加了92.39%和59.78%。因此，对于酸性土壤而言，生物炭与腐殖土复合改良剂更有利于土壤环境的修复。Abstract: The contaminated farmland soil samples from lead mining area of Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province were collected to investigate the effect of independent use of biochars, humus, sepiolite and their combination application on bioavailability and speciation of Pb, Zn, Cd, as well as the changes of soil microbial community through soil cultivation experiments. Results showed that the addition of humus or biochar can effectively reduce the bioavailability of Pb, Zn, Cd, but the addition of lower concentration sepiolite has no obvious effect. The bioavailability of Pb, Zn, and Cd was reduced by 42.27%, 45.38%, and 21.99% by the addition of humus. Otherwise, the bioavailability of Pb was reduced by 60.30% by combination application of biochar and humus. Moreover, the combination of biochar and humus can transform easily available Pb and Zn fractions to more stable fractions. The addition of biochar produced from fruit tree and the combination of fruit tree biochar with humus increased the residue fraction of Pb and Zn. After the addition of 5% combination (straw biochar combined with sepiolite) and 2% combination (straw biochar combined with humus), the total amount of soil microorganisms increased by 80.29% and 68.52%, respectively. Meanwhile, the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased by 92.39% and 59.78%, respectively. Therefore, for acid soils, the combination application of biochar with humus will benefit to the remediation of multi heavy metals-contaminated soils and improvement of soil quality.
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