基于有机污染物生物有效性的土壤环境质量基准的探讨
Discussion on Soil Environmental Quality Benchmark Based on Bioavailability of Organic Pollutants
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摘要: 我国的土壤污染日益严重,由于污染物对土壤生物产生的毒性效应与其生物有效态含量相关,以污染物总量为指标的土壤环境质量标准已无法满足当前土壤管理的需求,亟需开展以生物有效性为基础的土壤环境质量基准的研究工作。目前对土壤中重金属的生物有效性的研究较为深入,但是针对有机污染物的土壤生物有效性研究相对匮乏。本研究综述了有机污染物在土壤中的结构形态、吸附吸收和迁移转化,以及影响土壤中有机污染物生物有效性的关键因素。从我国有机污染物的污染现状、土壤类型分布情况,以及物种选择3个方面对基于生物有效性的土壤环境质量标准/基准的制定进行探讨,以期为我国根据国情制定适合本土特征的生态安全土壤质量标准提供借鉴。Abstract: Soil pollution is increasingly serious in China. Since the toxic effects of pollutants on soil organism are depending on their bioavailability, the soil environmental quality standards based on the total amount of pollutants cannot meet the needs of current soil management. Therefore, it is urgent to study the soil environmental quality benchmark based on bioavailability. At present, although the research on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil is more in-depth, the research on the bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil is far below the actual demand. This review outlines the organic pollutants in soil with regard to their chemical structures and species, adsorption, absorption, migration and transformation. The key factors affecting the bioavailability of organic pollutants in soil were summarized. Finally, the development of soil environmental quality standard/benchmark based on bioavailability was discussed from three aspects:the current situation of organic pollution in China, the distribution of soil types and the selection of organism species, in order to provide a reference for establishing soil quality standards representing local characteristics in China.
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