长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物复合毒性与多环芳烃毒性贡献
Combined Toxicity of Organic Pollutants and Contribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary and Its Adjacent Waters
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摘要: 本研究利用发光细菌急性毒性实验测定了长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物中有机污染物的复合毒性，同时运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪测定了沉积物中16种美国环境保护局(United States Environmental Protection Agency,US EPA)规定的优先控制的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度。在此基础上，分析其时空分布特征及多环芳烃毒性贡献，并评估其环境风险。结果表明，2019年长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中16种PAHs总浓度范围为32.84～283.47 ng·g-1；2020年浓度范围为66.93～132.64 ng·g-1。在空间分布上，2019年长江口表层沉积物中PAHs在靠近渔港的区域呈现较高浓度(S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g-1)，而2020年在靠近舟山岛的区域呈现较高浓度(L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g-1)。与2019年相比，2020年多环芳烃的平均浓度有所降低，且其细胞毒性量化指标——生物分析当量浓度(BEQbio)的平均值(66.62 mg·kg-1)远低于2019年(128.20 mg·kg-1)。在长江口沉积物毒性当量浓度中PAHs所占比例较小，2019年和2020年由PAHs引起的细胞毒性的平均占比分别为4.46%和4.25%。该结果表明，检测到的PAHs仅能解释所观察到的复合毒性效应的一小部分，因此，还需要进一步对其他未检测的化学物质进行测试分析。Abstract: In this study, an acute toxicity experiment of luminescent bacteria was used to determine the combined toxicity of organic pollutants in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent seas. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of 16 types of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which were proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Along with the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, the toxicity equivalent of luminescent bacteria and the contribution of PAHs to the toxicity were evaluated. Finally, the environmental risks were assessed. The total concentration range of 16 priority PAHs in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent seas in 2019 was 32.84~283.47 ng·g-1, and the total concentration range in 2020 was 66.93~132.64 ng·g-1. In terms of spatial distribution, PAHs in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary showed a higher concentration in the area close to the fishing port in 2019 (S3=(283.47±29.94) ng·g-1). In 2020, PAHs in the surface sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary showed a higher concentration in the area close to Zhoushan Island (L6=(132.64±9.95) ng·g-1). Compared with 2019, the overall concentration of PAHs in 2020 was lower, and the average value of its cytotoxicity quantitative indicator, i.e. biological analysis equivalent concentration (BEQbio) (66.62 mg·kg-1), was much lower than 2019 (128.20 mg·kg-1). Moreover, the contribution of PAHs to the total cytotoxicity of sediments in the Yangtze River Estuary was minor. The average contribution ratios of cytotoxicity caused by PAHs in 2019 and 2020 were 4.46% and 4.25%, respectively. This result showed that the detected PAHs could only explain a small part of the observed compound toxic effects. Therefore, further testing and analysis of other undetected chemical substances is needed.
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