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海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展

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郭威, 罗雅丹, 李晨光, 陈琳, 杨宇航, 杨翔昊, 李锋民. 海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
引用本文: 郭威, 罗雅丹, 李晨光, 陈琳, 杨宇航, 杨翔昊, 李锋民. 海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
shu
Guo Wei, Luo Yadan, Li Chenguang, Chen Lin, Yang Yuhang, Yang Xianghao, Li Fengmin. Research Progress on Aging Mechanism and Environmental Behavior of Marine Microplastics[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
Citation: Guo Wei, Luo Yadan, Li Chenguang, Chen Lin, Yang Yuhang, Yang Xianghao, Li Fengmin. Research Progress on Aging Mechanism and Environmental Behavior of Marine Microplastics[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
shu

海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展

  • 1. 中国海洋大学, 环境科学与工程学院, 近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100;

  • 2. 中国海洋大学, 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100;

  • 3. 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071

    • 作者简介: 郭威(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋生态系统变化与海岸带生态修复，E-mail:1040961855@qq.com
    通讯作者: 李锋民, E-mail: lifengmin@ouc.edu.cn
  • 基金项目:

    国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0406304）；山东省重大科技创新工程（2019JZZY020302）

  • 中图分类号: X171.5

Research Progress on Aging Mechanism and Environmental Behavior of Marine Microplastics

  • 1. Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;

  • 2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;

  • 3. Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

    • Corresponding author: Li Fengmin, lifengmin@ouc.edu.cn
  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 暴露于海洋环境中的塑料聚合物受海浪破碎、紫外照射和微生物降解等作用后，会逐渐形成小粒径的微塑料（<5 mm，microplastics，MPs），引起海洋生态风险。本文总结了海洋中MPs的类型和来源、老化过程、机理和影响因素，以及MPs老化后理化性质和环境行为的变化。MPs在海洋中的老化机理主要包括：机械破碎、光降解、热降解、水解和生物降解等，同时MPs的自身性质（粒径、形状、官能团、结晶度和添加剂等）和海洋环境条件（紫外辐射、温度和氧化还原状态等）会影响老化过程。老化后MPs的理化性质与原始MPs存在显著差异，如表面形貌、颜色、粒径、官能团、结晶度、亲疏水性和吸附性能等；MPs老化过程中还伴着增塑剂、阻燃剂和双酚A等添加剂的释放。老化过程也会影响MPs对海水中污染物（重金属、有机污染物等）的吸附，可能会使MPs成为污染物的富集体，进而对海洋生物造成更大的危害。此外富集污染物的MPs可能会通过食物链进入人体，对人类健康造成危害。
    Abstract: Plastics of small particle size (<5 mm, microplastics, MPs) can be formed via wave action, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, microbial degradation, etc., which will cause marine ecological risks. This review has summarized types, sources, the aging process, mechanism, and the main influence factors of MPs, as well as variations in physical and chemical properties and environmental behavior of aged MPs. Aging mechanisms of MPs mainly involved mechanical crushing, photodegradation, pyrolysis, hydrolysis, biodegradation, etc., which can be affected by their properties (particle size, shape, functional group, crystallinity, additives, etc.) and environmental conditions in marine (UV irradiation, temperature, redox state, etc.). Physicochemical properties of aged MPs are significantly different from original MPs such as the surface morphology, color, particle size, functional groups, crystallinity, hydrophilicity, and adsorption performance. Meanwhile, the aging process of MPs is accompanied by the release of plasticizers, flame retardants, bisphenol A and other additives. The aging process may influence the adsorption performance of MPs for pollutants (heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc.) in seawater. Additionally, aged MPs may become an accumulation group of pollutants (heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc.) resulting in a greater threat to marine organisms. MPs enriched with pollutants may enter the human body through the food chain, causing a serious threat to human health.
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-08
郭威, 罗雅丹, 李晨光, 陈琳, 杨宇航, 杨翔昊, 李锋民. 海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
引用本文: 郭威, 罗雅丹, 李晨光, 陈琳, 杨宇航, 杨翔昊, 李锋民. 海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
shu
Guo Wei, Luo Yadan, Li Chenguang, Chen Lin, Yang Yuhang, Yang Xianghao, Li Fengmin. Research Progress on Aging Mechanism and Environmental Behavior of Marine Microplastics[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
Citation: Guo Wei, Luo Yadan, Li Chenguang, Chen Lin, Yang Yuhang, Yang Xianghao, Li Fengmin. Research Progress on Aging Mechanism and Environmental Behavior of Marine Microplastics[J]. Asian journal of ecotoxicology, 2022, 17(4): 33-46. doi: 10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20211108001
shu

海洋中微塑料的老化机理及老化后环境行为研究进展

    通讯作者: 李锋民, E-mail: lifengmin@ouc.edu.cn
    作者简介: 郭威(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋生态系统变化与海岸带生态修复，E-mail:1040961855@qq.com
  • 1. 中国海洋大学, 环境科学与工程学院, 近海环境污染控制研究所, 青岛 266100;
  • 2. 中国海洋大学, 海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室, 青岛 266100;
  • 3. 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室, 青岛 266071
  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-08
基金项目:

国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0406304）；山东省重大科技创新工程（2019JZZY020302）

摘要: 暴露于海洋环境中的塑料聚合物受海浪破碎、紫外照射和微生物降解等作用后，会逐渐形成小粒径的微塑料（<5 mm，microplastics，MPs），引起海洋生态风险。本文总结了海洋中MPs的类型和来源、老化过程、机理和影响因素，以及MPs老化后理化性质和环境行为的变化。MPs在海洋中的老化机理主要包括：机械破碎、光降解、热降解、水解和生物降解等，同时MPs的自身性质（粒径、形状、官能团、结晶度和添加剂等）和海洋环境条件（紫外辐射、温度和氧化还原状态等）会影响老化过程。老化后MPs的理化性质与原始MPs存在显著差异，如表面形貌、颜色、粒径、官能团、结晶度、亲疏水性和吸附性能等；MPs老化过程中还伴着增塑剂、阻燃剂和双酚A等添加剂的释放。老化过程也会影响MPs对海水中污染物（重金属、有机污染物等）的吸附，可能会使MPs成为污染物的富集体，进而对海洋生物造成更大的危害。此外富集污染物的MPs可能会通过食物链进入人体，对人类健康造成危害。

English Abstract

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