氯化石蜡的毒代动力学研究进展
Toxicokinetics of Chlorinated Paraffin: A Review
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摘要: 氯化石蜡（chlorinated paraffins，CPs）是一类氯代烷烃混合物，其在不同环境基质甚至人体中被普遍检出，对生态系统和人体健康构成了潜在危害，受到人们的广泛关注。本文系统总结了国内外CPs毒代动力学的相关研究，阐述了CPs在生物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程，以及经生物转化的代谢降解途径。重点阐明了CPs在水生、两栖和爬行生物体内的生物富集和生物放大潜能，在两栖、爬行、哺乳和鸟类动物中的母体转移过程，以及在动植物和微生物中的代谢途径及其代谢产物。最后提出了3个亟需探究的方向：开展系统的短链氯化石蜡替代品安全性评价，基于先进的分析技术全面探究CPs在生物体内的代谢过程，开展低剂量CPs暴露的母婴转移途径和健康风险评估，以期为CPs相关领域的研究者提供参考。Abstract: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a group of chlorinated alkane mixtures, have been commonly detected in various environmental matrices and human bodies. CPs have received extensive attentions recently due to their potential hazards to ecological system and human health. This review systematically summarized the studies on the toxicokinetics of CPs, expounded the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of CPs in animals, as well as the metabolic degradation pathways through biotransformation. The bioaccumulation and biomagnification of CPs in aquatic, amphibian and reptiles, the maternal transfer process in amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds, as well as the metabolic pathways and metabolites in animals, plants and microorganisms are discussed. Finally, this review outlines three research directions in the toxicokinetics of CPs that need to be explored urgently, namely, systematical safety evaluation for the substitutes of short-chain chlorinated paraffins, comprehensive exploration for the metabolic process of CPs in organisms based on advanced analytical technology, and the mother-to-infant transfer process and human health risk assessment of low-dose CPs exposure.
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Key words:
- chlorinated paraffins /
- toxicokinetics /
- metabolites /
- metabolic pathway
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