军事训练场地特征污染物的生态和健康效应研究进展
Research Progress on Ecological and Health Effects of Typical Pollutants in Military Training Ranges
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摘要: 军事训练活动导致大量弹药残留进入土壤环境，从而引起军事训练场地含能化合物和重金属的污染问题，训练场地特征污染物的环境和生态效应已经引起国内外越来越多的关注。本文对三硝基甲苯(TNT)、环三亚甲基三硝铵(RDX)、环四亚甲基四硝铵(HMX)、铅(Pb)、锑(Sb)和铜(Cu)等训练场地特征污染物的污染现状及其生态、健康效应进行综述，介绍了这些污染物对植物、动物、微生物和人体健康的影响及风险评估研究进展。综合当前的国内外研究现状，未来还需进一步加强含能化合物毒理学、多污染物协同耦合作用的健康与生态效应等方面的研究，为我国军事训练场地风险管控与治理修复提供技术支撑。Abstract: Extensive activities in military training ranges result in a wide release of munition residues, thus causing the pollution of energetic compounds and heavy metals in the environment. The ecological effects of such pollution are receiving increasing global attention. The current status of energetic compound (represented by trinitrotoluene (TNT), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX), and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX)) and heavy metal (represented by lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and copper (Cu)) pollution in military training ranges is summarized with their ecological and health concerns. Different effects of both energetic compounds and heavy metals on plants, animals, microbes and human health are highlighted. Brief introduction to the risk assessment of military training grounds in recent years is also included. The current studies urge future work to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanism for energetic compound toxicity, and the ecological effects of multi-pollutant co-exposure. These efforts in future will provide scientific basis for the policy making of the pollution control management in military training ranges, and the subsequent pollution prevention and remediation.
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Key words:
- energetic compounds /
- heavy metals /
- plants /
- animals /
- microbes /
- ecological effects /
- risk assessment /
- military training ranges
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