卤代有机污染物的组织差异性生物富集研究
Tissue-specific Bioaccumulation of Halogenated Organic Pollutants in Fish
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摘要: 多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）和得克隆（DPs）是环境中广泛检出的2类典型的含卤有机污染物（HOPs），了解HOPs组织差异性富集特征有助于科学认识其生物富集来源及暴露风险。因此本研究分析了2种鱼类（鲮鱼和乌鳢）的食物残渣及其11种组织样品中PBDEs和DPs的含量及组成。研究发现脂肪含量较高的组织（如肝脏、脂肪和鱼卵）中污染物含量显著高于其在脂肪含量较低的组织或器官（如肌肉和鱼鳞），表明PBDEs和DPs在鱼体组织的分配过程可能主要是一个受脂肪含量影响的被动扩散过程。鲮鱼样品中PBDEs组成主要可以分为三大类型：第1类是以BDE209为主的食物残渣，第2类是以BDE28为主的鱼皮、心脏和肝脏，第3类是以BDE47为主的其余组织。而乌鳢样品中PBDEs组成主要有两大类型：第1类是以BDE28为主的鱼皮，第2类是以BDE47为主的其他组织。这表明鱼体组织中PBDEs和DPs富集过程不仅仅受食物暴露来源影响，部分组织如鱼皮等，可能同时存在水环境的外暴露来源。此外，DPs含量与其组成（fanti值）的显著正相关关系说明鱼体组织中DPs组成（fanti值）可能受到其含量影响。Abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DPs) are two typical classes of halogenated organic pollutants (HOPs) that are widely detected in the environment. Understanding the tissue specific bioaccumulation of HOPs is helpful to scientifically understand their bioaccumulation sources and exposure risks. Therefore, the concentrations and compositions of PBDEs and DPs in chyme and 11 types of tissue samples from two fish species (mud carp and northern snakehead) were investigated. Significantly higher levels of contaminants were observed in tissues with high lipid content (such as liver, fat, and roe) than in tissues or organs with low lipid content (such as muscle and scale), indicating that the distribution process of PBDEs and DPs in fish tissues could be mainly a passive diffusion process affected by lipid content. The composition of PBDEs in tissues of mud carp can be mainly divided into three types:chyme (dominated by BDE209), fish skin, heart and liver (dominated by BDE28), and the other tissues (dominated by BDE47), whereas for the northern snakehead which can be divided into two types:the fish skin (dominated by BDE28) and the other tissues (dominated by BDE47). These results indicated that the bioaccumulation of PBDEs and DPs in fish tissue is not only affected by food exposure, some tissues such as fish skin may also have external exposure sources in the water environment. Additionally, the significant positive correlation between DP concentration and the composition (fanti) indicated that the fanti in fish tissues might be influenced by the levels of DPs.
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Key words:
- polybrominated diphenyl ethers /
- dechlorane plus /
- tissues /
- bioaccumulation
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