低温热解对有机肥中抗生素及抗性基因的消减研究
Reduction of Antibiotics and Resistance Genes in Organic Fertilizers by Low-temperature Pyrolysis
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摘要: 为研究低温热解作用下有机肥中抗生素和抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes, ARGs)的消减规律，利用高分辨液相色谱-串联质谱技术和荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Real-time PCR)技术分别测定热解前后有机肥中抗生素和ARGs含量。结果发现，80~250 ℃低温热解后抗生素总量降低，去除率在11.63%~47.32%之间。热解温度与抗生素熔点对有机肥中抗生素去除影响显著：热解温度越高，对抗生素的去除效果越好；抗生素熔点越低，去除越彻底。80~250 ℃低温热解对ARGs丰度和水平转移有强烈抑制作用。温度升高，对ARGs的去除效果不断增强，去除率最高可达99%；可移动元件平均去除率高达90%，在250 ℃下，几乎被完全去除；大肠杆菌指示基因uida在各个温度下的平均去除率均达到99%以上。添加硅藻土和沸石与单一有机肥相比，在80~150 ℃对抗生素和ARGs的去除分别发挥促进和抑制作用；在250 ℃显著抑制了抗生素的去除。本研究揭示了不同热解温度对抗生素和ARGs的影响，为有机肥中抗生素和ARGs的低温热解阻控技术提供理论依据。Abstract: Low-temperature pyrolysis experiments were conducted to study the dynamics of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in organic fertilizers. The concentrations of antibiotics and ARGs before and after pyrolysis were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative PCR technology, respectively. The results showed that low-temperature pyrolysis under 80~250 °C decreased the levels of antibiotics from 11.63% to 47.32%. Pyrolysis temperature and antibiotic melting point played important roles in the removal of antibiotics in organic fertilizers: the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the better the removal effect of antibiotics; the lower the melting point of the antibiotic, the more thoroughly it is removed. Meanwhile, low-temperature pyrolysis under 80~250 °C had strong inhibiting effects on abundance of ARGs and horizontal gene transfer. The removal efficiency of ARGs continuously increased up to 99% along with increasing temperature. The average removal rate of mobile genetic elements was 90%, and almost all of them were removed at 250°C. The average removal rates of uida were all above 99% within the whole pyrolysis temperature range. In comparison with organic fertilizers, the addition of diatomite and zeolite promoted and inhibited the removal of antibiotics and ARGs, respectively, at 80~150°C, and significantly inhibited the removal of antibiotics at 250°C. The results from this study revealed the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the behavior and removal of antibiotics and ARGs, thus providing a theoretical basis for future application of low-temperature pyrolysis in reducing antibiotics and ARGs in organic fertilizers.
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Key words:
- antibiotics /
- antibiotic resistance genes /
- organic fertilizers /
- low-temperature pyrolysis /
- reduction
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