有机磷阻燃剂TCPP和铅联合暴露对斑马鱼发育的影响
Effects of Combined Exposure to Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TCPP and Lead on Zebrafish Development
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摘要: 近年来，电子废弃物不断增多，电子废弃物处理厂周边环境污染问题严重，有机磷阻燃剂磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯(tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, TCPP)和铅(Pb)是电子废弃物处理厂2种主要的污染物，对周围环境及人群健康造成影响。目前还没有关于TCPP和Pb联合暴露对水生生物及人类发育影响的相关研究。本研究选用斑马鱼模式生物作为研究对象，探讨Pb(190 μg·L-1)、TCPP(200、2 000、6 000 μg·L-1)单独及联合暴露对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响。结果表明，Pb和低中高3个剂量TCPP单独和联合暴露对斑马鱼的存活率和孵化率无明显影响。同时，Pb和低中2个剂量TCPP单独和联合暴露对斑马鱼脊柱弯曲率和自发运动行为无明显影响。而与TCPP、Pb单独暴露相比，高剂量TCPP联合Pb暴露(Pb: 190 μg·L-1+TCPP: 6 000 μg·L-1)抑制斑马鱼的自发运动(P＜0.01)，导致其体长下降(P＜0.01)、96 hpf(hours post-fertilization, hpf)和120 hpf心率下降(P＜0.001)。同时，脊柱发育相关基因(col8a1a、ngs、bmp2a、bmp2b、runx2b)和神经发育相关基因(mbp、elavl3、gfap、gap43)表达下调(P＜0.05)。以上的实验结果表明，高剂量TCPP联合Pb暴露扰乱脊柱和神经发育相关基因的表达，影响斑马鱼脊柱和神经的早期发育。Abstract: Electronic waste (E-waste) has been increasing in recent years, and the pollution around E-waste dismantling plants is a serious problem. The organophosphorus flame retardants tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and lead (Pb) are the two primary pollutants in E-waste dismantling plants, which adversely affect both human health and the surrounding environment. There are no studies on the effects of combined exposure to TCPP and Pb on aquatic organisms and human development. In this study, the zebrafish was selected to investigate the effects of Pb (190 μg·L-1), TCPP (200, 2 000, and 6 000 μg·L-1) and their co-exposure on the development of zebrafish embryos. The results showed that exposure to Pb and low, medium, and high doses of TCPP alone and in combination had no significant effect on zebrafish survival and hatching rates. Meanwhile, individual and co-exposure to Pb and low and medium doses of TCPP had no significant effect on zebrafish spinal curvature rate and behavior. Compared with TCPP and Pb exposure alone, the high-dose combined exposure (Pb 190 μg·L-1 + TCPP 6 000 μg·L-1) inhibited spontaneous locomotion in zebrafish (P<0.01), decreased the body length (P<0.01) and the heart rate at 96 hpf and 120 hpf (P<0.001). In addition, the high-dose combined exposure down-regulated the expression of spinal development-related genes (col8a1a, ngs, bmp2a, bmp2b, runx2b) and neurodevelopment-related genes (mbp, elavl3, gfap, gap43) (P<0.05). These findings suggest that high-dose combined exposure to TCPP and Pb disrupts the expression of key genes involved in spinal and neural development, thereby adversely affecting these crucial developmental processes in zebrafish embryos.
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Key words:
- tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate /
- Pb /
- zebrafish /
- neurotoxicity /
- acute toxicity /
- spinal curvature
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