临安区西径山不同森林中的汞迁移及沉降
Mercury Migration and Deposition in Different Forests in Xijingshan, Lin'an
-
摘要: 森林系统，是汞在地球生物化学过程中极为重要的一环。其中，叶片是大气汞与森林交互作用的主要界面。本文以临安地区的典型落叶林、针叶林为例，进行定点监测，探明不同季节落叶林、针叶林中汞在叶片和林下土壤中的分布状况及其影响因素。定点监测实验的结果表明，森林汞在垂直方向上具有明显的分层累积现象，其中土壤中汞浓度最高，含量最多，凋落物其次，新鲜叶最低。且阔叶林在各垂直分层中汞含量均显著高于针叶林。2种森林类型汞均在7-9月达到峰值，这与森林生长发育的季节性与夏季土壤汞的再释放相关。凋落物汞输入是森林土壤汞的主要来源之一，而由土壤所固持的汞主要集中于0~10 cm土层，这与0~10 cm土层中含有的大量具有吸附、固定汞能力的有机质相关。另外，对阔叶林与针叶林的沉降通量估算结果显示，阔叶林沉降通量高于针叶林，这与阔叶林凋落物沉降通量显著高于针叶林相关。本研究的结果有助于了解森林叶片汞浓度以及土壤汞负荷的影响，以及不同季节森林叶片汞和土壤汞时空分布状况。同时，本研究也有利于进一步探明浙江省森林汞地球生物化学循环过程的特征与分布情况。Abstract: Forest ecosystems play an extremely important role in the biogeochemical processes of mercury on Earth. Among them, leaves serve as the primary interface for the interaction between atmospheric mercury (Hg) and forests. In this study, typical deciduous and coniferous forests in the Lin'an Region were selected for fixed-point monitoring to investigate the distribution of Hg in leaves and forest soils during different seasons and the influencing factors. The results of the experiments indicate that forest Hg exhibits a significant vertical accumulation pattern. Among the vertical layers, the highest Hg concentrations were found in the soil, followed by litterfall, and the lowest in fresh leaves. Additionally, broad-leaved forests had significantly higher Hg concentrations in all vertical layers compared to coniferous forests. Both types of forests reached their peak Hg levels from July to September, which is related to the seasonal growth of the forests and the re-release of Hg from soils of summer. Litterfall deposition was identified as the one of primary source of Hg input into forest soils, and the Hg retained by the soil was mainly concentrated in the 0~10 cm soil layer. This is related to the presence of a significant amount of organic matter in the 0~10 cm soil layer, which has adsorption and immobilization capabilities for Hg. Furthermore, the estimated results of deposition flux for broad-leaved and coniferous forests showed that broad-leaved forests had higher deposition flux compared to coniferous forests, which is correlated with the significantly higher litterfall deposition flux in broad-leaved forests. The potential ecological risk of soil total mercury in broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that in coniferous forest (P<0.05). The findings of this study contribute to understanding the Hg concentration in forest leaves and the soil Hg load, as well as the spatiotemporal distribution of Hg in forest leaves and soil during different seasons. Additionally, this research is valuable for further exploring the characteristics of the Hg biogeochemical cycle and ecological risk situation in forest ecosystems in Zhejiang Province.
-
Key words:
- mercury /
- forest /
- mercury deposition flux
-
-
Lindqvist O.Mercury in the Swedish environment[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,1991,55(1):23-32 冯新斌,仇广乐,付学吾,等.环境汞污染[J].化学进展,2009,21(S1):436-457 Feng X B,Qiu G L,Fu X W,et al.Environmental mercury pollution[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(S1):436-457(in Chinese)
冯新斌,洪业汤.汞的环境地球化学研究进展[J].地质地球化学,1997,25(4):104-108 Feng X B,Hong Y T.Some advances in environment geochemistry of mercury[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1997,25(4):104-108(in Chinese)
Driscoll C T,Mason R P,Chan H M,et al.Mercury as aglobal pollutant:Sources,pathways,and effects[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(10):4967-4983 Obrist D,Kirk J L,Zhang L,et al.A review of global environmental mercury processes in response to human andnatural perturbations:Changes of emissions,climate,andland use[J].Ambio,2018,47(2):116-140 Keenan R J,Reams G A,Achard F,et al.Dynamics of global forest area:Results from the FAO Global ForestResources Assessment 2015[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2015,352:9-20 周垂帆,李莹,殷丹阳,等.林地重金属污染来源解析[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(5):15-21 Zhou C F,Li Y,Yin D Y,et al.A review on heavy metalcontamination on forest land[J].World Forestry Research,2015,28(5):15-21(in Chinese)
Lindberg S E,Bullock R,Ebinghaus R,et al.A Synthesis of progress and uncertainties in attributing the sources of mercury in deposition[J].AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(1):19-33 Schulze E.Plant Life Forms and Their Carbon,Water andNutrient Relations[M]//Physiological Plant Ecology Ⅱ.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,1982:615-676 Wohlgemuth L,Osterwalder S,Joseph C,et al.A bottomup quantification of foliar mercury uptake fluxes acrossEurope[J].Biogeosciences,2020,17(24):6441-6456 Zhu W,Lin C J,Wang X,et al.Global observations andmodeling of atmosphere-surface exchange of elementalmercury:A critical review[J].Atmospheric Chemistryand Physics,2016,16(7):4451-4480 吴飞,王训,罗辑,等.青藏高原林线森林汞的空间分布格局及对大气环境汞污染的指示[J].环境化学,2019,38(7):1619-1627 Wu F,Wang X,Luo J,et al.Spatial distribution of totalmercury in timberline forest of Tibetan Plateau regionsand its implications of atmospheric mercury pollution[J].Environmental Chemistry,2019,38(7):1619-1627(inChinese)
Kolka R K,Nater E A,Grigal D F,et al.Atmospheric inputs of mercury and organic carbon into a forested upland/bog watershed[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1999,113(1):273-294 Grigal D F,Kolka R K,Fleck J A,et al.Mercury budget of an upland-peatland watershed[J].Biogeochemistry,2000,50(1):95-109 Laacouri A,Nater E A,Kolka R K.Distribution and uptake dynamics of mercury in leaves of common deciduoustree species in Minnesota,U.S.A.[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,47(18):10462-10470 St Louis V L,Rudd J W,Kelly C A,et al.Importance of the forest canopy to fluxes of methyl mercury and totalmercury to boreal ecosystems[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(15):3089-3098 Lindberg S E,Jackson D R,Huckabee J W,et al.Atmospheric emission and plant uptake of mercury from agricultural soils near the Almadén mercury mine[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1979,8(4):572-578 Lindberg S E,Dong W J,Meyers T.Transpiration of gaseous elemental mercury through vegetation in a subtropical wetland in Florida[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(33):5207-5219 Ericksen J A,Gustin M S,Schorran D E,et al.Accumulation of atmospheric mercury in forest foliage[J].Atmospheric Environment,2003,37(12):1613-1622 冷海楠,张玉,崔福星,等.森林凋落物研究进展[J].国土与自然资源研究,2016(6):87-89Leng H N,Zhang Y,Cui F X,et al.A review of researches on forest litterfall[J].Territory&Natural ResourcesStudy,2016 (6):87-89(in Chinese)
李俭.天山雪岭云杉森林总汞的空间分布特征及其影响因素[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2020:5Li J.Spatial distribution characteristics and influencingfactors of total mercury in Picea schrenkiana forests inTianshan Mountains[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2020:5(in Chinese) 赵伟明,汪雪飞,万刚,等.浅谈临安市资源植物的保护与开发利用[J].华东森林经理,2003,17(2):40-42 ,55Zhao W M,Wang X F,Wan G,et al.A talk on the protection,development and utilization of resource vegetationin Lin'an City[J].East China Forest Management,2003,17(2):40-42,55(in Chinese)
赵海侠,陶奕,胡保国,等.浙西地区典型节能灯加工集聚区大气气态总汞污染特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(6):1020-1024 Zhao H X,Tao Y,Hu B G,et al.Pollution characteristics of total gaseous mercury in the typical energy-savinglamps industry cluster district of western Zhejiang Province[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(6):1020-1024(in Chinese)
Rea A W,Lindberg S E,Scherbatskoy T,et al.Mercuryaccumulation in foliage over time in two northern mixedhardwood forests[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2002,133(1):49-67 Wang X,Bao Z D,Lin C J,et al.Assessment of globalmercury deposition through litterfall[J].EnvironmentalScience&Technology,2016,50(16):8548-8557 郑伟,冯新斌,李广辉,等.硝酸水浴消解-冷原子荧光光谱法测定植物中的总汞[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2006,25(3):285-287 Zheng W,Feng X B,Li G H,et al.Determination of totalmercury in plants by HNO3 digestion in the water bathcoupled with cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2006,25(3):285-287(in Chinese)
李仲根,冯新斌,何天容,等.王水水浴消解-冷原子荧光法测定土壤和沉积物中的总汞[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005,24(2):140-143 Li Z G,Feng X B,He T R,et al.Determination of totalmercury in soil and sediment by aquaregia digestion inthe water bath coupled with cold vapor atom fluorescencespectrometry[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy Petrology andGeochemistry,2005,24(2):140-143(in Chinese)
安思危.西南典型亚热带森林系统凋落物中汞的动态变化特征[D].重庆:西南大学,2017:17-19An S W.Dynamic change characteristics of mercury in litter of typical subtropical forest system in Southwest China[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2017:17 -19(inChinese)
杨光,孙涛,安思危,等.中亚热带常绿阔叶林凋落物分解过程中汞的动态变化及迁移机理[J].生态学报,2019,39(6):2101-2108 Yang G,Sun T,An S W,et al.The migration and fate of mercury during litter decomposition in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(6):2101-2108(in Chinese)
St Louis V L,Graydon J A,Lehnherr I,et al.Atmospheric concentrations and wet/dry loadings of mercury at theremote experimental lakes area,northwestern Ontario,Canada[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2019,53(14):8017-8026 徐恩恩,郭颖,陈尔学,等.基于无人机LiDAR和高空间分辨率卫星遥感数据的区域森林郁闭度估测模型[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2022,47(8):1298-1308Xu E E,Guo Y,Chen E X,et al.An estimation model forregional forest canopy closure combined with UAV LiDAR and high spatial resolution satellite remote sensingdata[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2022,47(8):1298-1308(in Chinese) Wang X,Yuan W,Lin C J,et al.Climate and vegetationas primary drivers for global mercury storage in surfacesoil[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2019,53(18):10665-10675 Zeng S F,Wang X,Yuan W,et al.Mercury accumulation and dynamics in montane forests along an elevation gradient in Southwest China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2022,10(9):1-10 Yuan W,Sommar J,Lin C J,et al.Stable isotope evidenceshows re-emission of elemental mercury vapor occurringafter reductive loss from foliage[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2019,53(2):651-660 杜宝玉.森林土壤汞排放通量的现场测试[D].北京:清华大学,2014:8-10Du B Y.Field measurement of soil mercury emission fluxin forest[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2014:8 -10(inChinese)
Gao X,Zheng W,Liu Y,et al.Tracing the source andtransport of Hg during pedogenesis in strongly weatheredtropical soil using Hg isotopes[C]//European Association of Geochemistry.Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts.Lyon,France:European Association of Geochemistry,2023,361:101-112 田珮.城市典型工业区绿地汞污染研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2017:8Tian P.Study on mercury pollution in green space of urban typical industrial areas[D].Shanghai:East ChinaNormal University,2017:8(in Chinese) 何熙.三峡库区消落带土壤(沉积物)总汞及甲基汞变化特征[D].重庆:西南大学,2013:2-4He X.Variation characteristics of total mercury and methylmercury in soil (sediment) in water-level-fluctuatingzone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2013:2 -4(in Chinese)
王训,袁巍,冯新斌.森林生态系统汞的生物地球化学过程[J].化学进展,2017,29(9):970-980 Wang X,Yuan W,Feng X B.Global review of mercurybiogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems[J].Progress in Chemistry,2017,29(9):970-980(in Chinese)
张孟孟.溶解性有机质对土壤吸附汞的影响及其机理的研究[D].济南:山东大学,2011:10-12Zhang M M.Research on the effect and mechanism of dissolved organic matter on the adsorption of Hg2+bysoils[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2011 :10-12(inChinese)
Miretzky P,Bisinoti M C,Jardim W F,et al.Factors affecting Hg (Ⅱ) adsorption in soils from the Rio Negrobasin (Amazon)[J].Química Nova,2005,28(3):438-443 Wang Z W,Zhang X S,Xiao J S,et al.Mercury fluxesand pools in three subtropical forested catchments,southwest China[J].Environmental Pollution,2009,157(3):801-808 Fu X W,Yang X,Lang X F,et al.Atmospheric wet andlitterfall mercury deposition at urban and rural sites inChina[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(18):11547-11562 Silva-Filho E V,Machado W,Oliveira R R,et al.Mercurydeposition through litterfall in an Atlantic forest at IlhaGrande,Southeast Brazil[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(11):2477-2484 Zhou J,Feng X B,Liu H Y,et al.Examination of totalmercury inputs by precipitation and litterfall in a remoteupland forest of Southwestern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,81:364-372 Zhou J,Wang Z W,Zhang X S.Deposition and fate of mercury in litterfall,litter,and soil in coniferous andbroad-leaved forests[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2018,123(8):2590-2603 Fu X W,Feng X,Dong Z Q,et al.Atmospheric gaseouselemental mercury (GEM) concentrations and mercurydepositions at a high-altitude mountain peak in SouthChina[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(5):2425-2437 Larssen T,de Wit H A,Wiker M,et al.Mercury budget of a small forested boreal catchment in southeast Norway[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2008,404(2/3):290-296 Schwesig D,Matzner E.Dynamics of mercury and methylmercury in forest floor and runoff of a forested watershed in Central Europe[J].Biogeochemistry,2001,53(2):181-200 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 700
- HTML全文浏览数: 700
- PDF下载数: 206
- 施引文献: 0
下载:
