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当前,我国许多污水处理厂面临进水碳氮比(本文以C/N表示)低,无法满足正常生物硝化后反硝化对碳源的需求。而当碳源不足时,容易导致反硝化无法进行到底,进而产生N2O;其次,当外加碳源耗尽后,反硝化菌将不得不利用内碳源进行反硝化,其反应的最终产物更容易是N2O[1]。作为一种强温室气体[2],N2O的全球增温潜势是CO2的265倍、CH4的28倍[3],且N2O的释放量每年正以0.3%的趋势增长[4]。N2O的持续排放将对人类生存环境及氮素平衡产生严重影响。此外,除了通过减少脱氮系统的N2O的释放率进行减量,SCHERSON等[5-6]利用CANDO(coupled aerobic-anoxic nitrous decomposition operation)工艺以聚羟基链烷酸酯(PHA)作为电子供体与NO2反应产生N2O气体并回收利用,获得了较高的N2O转化率和能源回收率,对于生物脱氮过程中产生大量N2O的工艺有重要的参考价值。因此,有机碳源的投加对于反硝化过程的N2O的产生有重要影响。
在反硝化过程中,
$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N浓度[7]、$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N浓度、C/N[8]等初始条件均可能影响脱氮效果和N2O的产生情况。以$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N为氮源的反硝化过程,需要先经由$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N再进行下一步反应。短程硝化反硝化作为污水处理中的新技术,在实现$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N积累后再进行亚硝酸盐反硝化,从而缩短反应时间,在一定C/N的条件下提高脱氮效率。常用的外加碳源为甲醇、乙醇和乙酸等低分子质量的有机化合物。甲醇过去作为一种常见碳源,由于近年来对危化品的管控,导致其运输困难,因此,在近年来的使用量日益减少[9]。而乙醇、乙酸运行成本较高,且乙酸会改变反应器内pH,影响其他菌种的生长[10],故乙醇和乙酸也不是理想的碳源。许多研究表明,葡萄糖的投加能够提高脱氮效果[11-12]。而关于碳源对反硝化过程中N2O释放量影响的相关研究已有一定的进展[13]。N2O的释放量因碳源的不同存在较大差别[14],而在不同C/N的条件下,N2O的释放特征也有所不同[15]。为提高出水水质并降低污水处理厂运行成本,需要探求各种廉价碳源进行生物反硝化。本研究以葡萄糖这类优质廉价的原料作为反硝化碳源,以$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N和$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N为电子受体,设计了不同的C/N进行实验,旨在研究葡萄糖碳源条件下的反硝化特征和N2O的释放规律,以减少N2O排放,或增加N2O释放以进行收集利用。
葡萄糖碳源条件下C/N对反硝化和N2O释放性能的影响
Effect of C/N on denitrification and N2O release with glucose as the carbon source
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摘要: 以
${ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^ - }$ -N或者${ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^- }$ -N为电子受体,以葡萄糖为碳源,通过批次实验研究了反硝化过程中在不同C/N条件下,反应器内的脱氮和N2O的释放情况。结果表明:当C/N在1.5、3、6.5、10和20变化的过程中,以${ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^- }$ -N为电子受体时,反硝化速率由8.81×10−3 g·(g·h)−1升至3.25×10−2 g·(g·h)−1,峰值N2O转化率由3.43%升至17.43%;以$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N为电子受体时,反硝化速率由1.59×10−2 g·(g·h)−1升至8.08×10−2 g·(g·h)−1,峰值N2O转化率由4.08%升至41.17%。增大C/N可提供更多的电子进行反硝化,使其脱氮效率得到提高。N2O积累量的增加除了与反硝化过程中各种酶的电子竞争有关,也与葡萄糖相对复杂的代谢过程有关。Abstract: In this study,$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N or$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N was used as the electron acceptor, glucose was used as the carbon source, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the denitrification and N2O release in the reactor under different C/N conditions during the denitrification process. The results showed that when the C/N increased along 1.5, 3, 6.5, 10 and 20 with$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N as the electron acceptor, the denitrification rate increased from 8.81×10−3 g·(g·h)−1 to 3.25×10−2 g·(g·h)−1, the peak N2O conversion rate increased from 3.43% to 17.43%; while with$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N as the electron acceptor, the denitrification rate increased from 1.59×10−2 g·(g·h)−1 to 8.08×10−2 g·(g·h)−1, the peak N2O conversion rate increased from 4.08% to 41.17%. Increasing C/N could provide more electrons for denitrification and improve the denitrification efficiency. The increase in N2O accumulation was not only related to the electronic competition of various enzymes in the denitrification process, but also related to the complex metabolism process of glucose.-
Key words:
- C/N /
- denitrification /
- N2O /
- glucose
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表 1 实验运行条件
Table 1. Operational conditions of the tests
C/N COD/(mg∙L−1) $ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{3}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N浓度/
(mg∙L−1)$ {\rm{NO}}_{\rm{2}}^{\rm{ - }}$ -N浓度/
(mg∙L−1)1.5 150 100 0 1.5 150 0 100 3 300 100 0 3 300 0 100 6.5 650 100 0 6.5 650 0 100 10 1 000 100 0 10 1 000 0 100 20 2 000 100 0 20 2 000 0 100 -
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