高级搜索

大气非均相反应及其环境效应

,  ,  ,  , 

downloadPDF

上一篇

下一篇

马金珠, 刘永春, 马庆鑫, 刘畅, 贺泓. 大气非均相反应及其环境效应[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
引用本文: 马金珠, 刘永春, 马庆鑫, 刘畅, 贺泓. 大气非均相反应及其环境效应[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
shu
MA Jinzhu, LIU Yongchun, MA Qingxin, LIU Chang, HE Hong. ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
Citation: MA Jinzhu, LIU Yongchun, MA Qingxin, LIU Chang, HE Hong. ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
shu

大气非均相反应及其环境效应

  • 1.

    中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京, 100085

  • 基金项目:

    国家自然科学基金(20937004,20877084)

    中国科学院知识创新工程(KZCX2-YW-Q02-03)资助.

ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

  • 1.

    Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China

  • Fund Project:

  • 摘要: 大气颗粒物是地球大气的重要组成成分之一,对全球气候和区域环境质量具有重要影响.由于大气颗粒物具有区域特征强、寿命较短和组成多样且不均匀等特点,使得其气候和环境效应具有相当大的不确定性.而颗粒物表面发生的非均相反应,一方面可改变痕量气体的源汇平衡,另一方面会改变颗粒物本身的表面组成、形貌和与之相关的吸湿性和光学性质,从而进一步加剧了颗粒物气候和环境效应的不确定性.本文从非均相反应的角度,综述了大气环境中重要的非均相反应过程及其环境效应,并对目前非均相大气化学领域研究中存在的问题进行了评述.
    Abstract: Atmospheric particulate matters, which play important roles in global climate and regional air quality, are one of the most important constitutes of atmosphere. However, the climatic and environmental effects of atmospheric particulate matters (APM) have larger uncertainties because of their regional characteristics, short lifetime, and various compositions in atmosphere. On the other hand, heterogeneous reactions taking place on APMs further amplify these uncertainties because these reactions can affect not only the balance between the sources and sinks of trace gases, but also the surface composition, morphology and the relevant hygroscopic and optical properties of APMs. In this paper, the research progresses about the important atmospheric heterogeneous reactions and their environmental effects were reviewed, the future work related to atmospheric heterogeneous reactions was also proposed.
  • 加载中
  • [1] Ravishankara A R. Heterogeneous and multiphase chemistry in the troposphere[J]. Science, 1997, 276(5315):1058-1065
    [2] Suess D T, Prather K A. Mass Spectrometry of Aerosols[J]. Chem Rev, 1999, 99(10):3007-3036
    [3] Grassian V H. Chemical reactions of nitrogen oxides on the surface of oxide, carbonate, soot, and mineral dust particles:Implications for the chemical balance of the troposphere[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2002, 106(6):860-877
    [4] 唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏. 大气环境化学[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2006:185
    [5] Crutzen P J and Ramanathan V. The ascent of atmospheric sciences[J].Science,2000, 290(5490):299-304
    [6] 丁杰,朱彤.大气中细颗粒物表面多相化学反应的研究[J].科学通报,2003,48(19):2005-2013
    [7] Usher C R, Michel A E, Grassian V H. Reactions on Mineral Dust[J]. Chem Rev, 2003, 103(12):4883-4940
    [8] Abbatt J P D. Interactions of atmospheric trace gases with ice surfaces:Adsorption and reaction[J]. Chem Rev, 2003, 103(12):4783-4800
    [9] Finlayson-Pitts B J. The Tropospheric chemistry of sea salt:a molecular-level view of the chemistry of NaCl and NaBr[J]. Chem Rev, 2003,103(12):4801-4822
    [10] Rossi M J. Heterogeneous reations on salts[J]. Chem Rev, 2003, 103(12):4823-4882
    [11] Vogt R, Elliott C, Allen H C, et al. Some new laboratory approaches to studying tropospheric heterogeneous reactions[J]. Atmos Envrion, 1996,30(10/11), 1729-1737
    [12] Monge M E, Anna B D, Mazri L, et al. Light changes the atmospheric reactivity of soot[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2010, 107(15):6605-6609
    [13] Bianco R, Hynes J T. Heterogeneous reactions important in atmospheric ozone deleption:a theoretical perspective[J]. Acc Chem Res, 2006, 39(2):159-165
    [14] Emmons L K, Carroll M A, Hauglustaine D A, et al. Climatologies of NO<em>x and NO<em>y:A comparison of data and models[J]. Atmos Environ, 1997,31(12):1851-1904
    [15] Sun Y, Wang L, Wang Y, et al.In situ measurements of NO, NO2, NO<em>y, and O3 in Dinghushan (112°E, 23°N) China during autumn 2008[J]. Atmos Environ, 2010, 44(17):2079-2088
    [16] 戴树桂. 环境化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:29-36
    [17] Underwood G M, Miller T M, Grassian V H. Transmission FT-IR and Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitrogen dioxide on mineral oxide particles[J]. J Phys Chem A 1999, 103(31):6184-6190
    [18] Goodman A L, Underwood G M, Grassian V H. Heterogeneous reaction of NO2:Characterization of gas-phase and adsorbed products from the reaction, 2NO2(g)+ H2O(a)→HONO(g)+ HNO3(a) on hydrated silica particles[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1999, 103(36):7217-7223
    [19] Underwood G M, Li P, Usher C R, et al. Determining accurate kinetic parameters of potentially important heterogeneous atmospheric reactions on solid particle surfaces with a Knudsen cell reactor[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2000, 104(4):819-829
    [20] Underwood G M, Song C H, Phadnis M, et al. Heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and HNO3 on oxides and mineral dust:A combined laboratory and modeling study[J]. J Geophys Res, 2001, 106 (D16):18055-18066
    [21] Ullerstam1 M, Johnson M S, Vogt R, et al. DRIFTS and Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of SO2 and NO2 on mineral dust[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2003, 3(6):2043-2051
    [22] Karagulian F, Santschi C, Rossi M J. The heterogeneous chemical kinetics of N2O5 on CaCO3 and other atmospheric mineral dust surrogates[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2006, 6(5):1373-1388
    [23] Seisel S, Brensen C, Vogt R, et al. Kinetics and mechanism of the uptake of N2O5 on mineral dust at 298 K[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5(12):3423-3432
    [24] Underwood G M, Li P, Al-Abadleh H, et al. A Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of nitric acid on oxide and mineral dust particles[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(27):6609-6620
    [25] Hanisch F and Crowley J N. Heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitric acid on Al2O3, CaCO3, and atmospheric dust samples:a Knudsen cell study[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(13):3096-3106
    [26] Frinak E K, Wermeille S J, Mashburn C D, et al. Heterogeneous reaction of gaseous nitric acid on γ-phase iron(Ⅲ) oxide[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2004, 108(9):1560-1566
    [27] Johnson E R, Sciegienka J, Carlos-Cuellar S, et al. Heterogeneous uptake of gaseous nitric acid on dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and calcite (CaCO3) particles:a Knudsen cell study using multiple, single, and fractional particle layers[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2005, 109(31):6901-6911
    [28] Mentel T F, Sohn M, Wahner A. Nitrate effect in the heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide on aqueous aerosols[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 1999, 1(24):5451-5457
    [29] Johnson E R, Grassian V H. Environmental catalysis in earth’s atmosphere:heterogeneous reactions on mineral dust aerosol.//Grassian V H (Ed.), Environmental Catalysis[M]. London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2005:129-156
    [30] Bauer S E, Balkanski Y, Schulz, M, et al. Global modeling of heterogeneous chemistry on mineral aerosol surfaces:Influence on tropospheric ozone chemistry and comparison to observations[J]. J Geophys Res, 2004, 109, D02304, doi:10.1029/2003JD003868
    [31] Bian H S and Zender C S. Mineral dust and global tropospheric chemistry: Relative roles of photolysis and heterogeneous uptake[J]. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108(D21):4672-4687
    [32] Goodman A L, Bernard E T, Grassian V H. Spectroscopic study of nitric acid and water adsorption on oxide particles:Enhanced nitric acid uptake kinetics in the presence of adsorbed water[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(26):6443-6457
    [33] Weis D D, Ewing G E. The reaction of nitrogen dioxide with sea salt aerosol[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1999, 103(25):4865-4873
    [34] Finlayson-Pitts B J. Reaction of NO2 with NaCl and atmospheric implications of NOCl formation[J]. Nature, 1983, 306(5944):676-677
    [35] Vogt R, Finlayson-Pitts B J. A diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopic study of the surface reaction of NaCl with gaseous NO2 and HNO3[J]. J Phys Chem, 1994, 98(14):3747-3755
    [36] Vogt R, Finlayson-Pitts B J. A diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopic (DRIFTS) study of the surface reaction of NaCl with gaseous NO2 and HNO3[J]. J Phys Chem, 1995, 99(34):13052-13052
    [37] Abbatt J P D, Waschewsky G C G. Heterogeneous interactions of HOBr, HNO3, O3, and NO2 with deliquescent NaCl aerosols at room temperature[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1998, 102(21):3719-3725
    [38] Langer S, Pemberton R S, Finlayson-Pitts B J. Diffuse reflectance infrared studies of the reaction of synthetic sea salt mixtures with NO2:A key role for hydrates in the kinetics and mechanism[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1997, 101(7):1277-1286
    [39] Fenter F F, Caloz F, Rossi M J. Heterogeneous kinetics of N2O5 uptake on salt, with a systematic study of the role of surface presentation (for N2O5 and HNO3)[J]. J Phys Chem, 1996, 100(3):1008-1019
    [40] Honffman R C, Gebel M E, Fox B S, et al. Knudsen cell studies of the reactions of N2O5 and ClONO2 with NaCl:development and appliciation of a model for estimating available surface areas and corrected uptake coefficients[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2003, 5(9):1780-1789
    [41] Livingston F E, Finlayson-Pitts B J. The reaction of gaseous N2O5 with solid NaCl at 298 K:Estimated lower limit to the reaction probability and its potential role in tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry geophys[J]. Res Lett, 1991, 18(1):17-20
    [42] George C, Ponche J L, Mirabel P, et al. Study of the uptake of N2O5 by water and NaCl solutions[J]. J Phys Chem, 1994, 98(35):8780-8784
    [43] Leu M T, Timonen R S, Keyser L F, et al. Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3(g) + NaCl(s)→HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) and N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) →ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(s)[J]. J Phys Chem, 1995, 99(35):13203-13212
    [44] Schweitzer F, Mirabel P, George C. Multiphase chemistry of N2O5, ClNO2, and BrNO2[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1998, 102(22):3942-3952
    [45] Koch T G, van den Bergh H, Rossi M J. A molecular diffusion tube study of N2O5 and HONO2 interacting with NaCl and KBr at ambient temperature[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 1999, 1(11):2687-2694
    [46] Fenter F F, Caloz F, Rossi M J. Kinetics of nitric acid uptake by salt[J]. J Phys Chem, 1994, 98(39):9801-9810
    [47] Beichert P, Finlayson-Pitts B J. Knudsen cell studies of the uptake of gaseous HNO3 and other oxides of nitrogen on solid NaCl:the role of surface-adsorbed water[J]. J Phys Chem, 1996, 100(37):15218-15228
    [48] Hoffman R C, Kaleuati M A, Finlayson-Pitts B J. Knudsen cell studies of the reaction of gaseous HNO3 with NaCl using less than a single layer of particles at 298 K:a modified mechanism[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2003, 107(39):7818-7826
    [49] De Haan D O, Finlayson-Pitts B J. Knudsen cell studies of the reaction of gaseous nitric acid with synthetic sea salt at 298 K[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1997, 101 (51):9993-9999
    [50] Leu M T, Timonen R S, Keyser L F. Kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction HNO3(g) + NaBr(s). HBr(g) + NaNO3(s)[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1997, 101(3):278-282
    [51] Davies J A, Cox R A. Kinetics of the heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 with NaCl:Effect of water vapor[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1998, 102 (39):7631-7642
    [52] Ghosal S and Hemminger J C. Effect of water on the HNO3 pressure dependence of the reaction between gas-phase HNO3 and NaCl surfaces[J]. J Phys Chem A, 1999, 103(25):4777-4781
    [53] Zangmeister C D, Pemberton J E. Raman spectroscopy of the reaction of sodium chloride with Nitric acid:Sodium nitrate growth and effect of water exposure[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(15):3788-3795
    [54] Guimbaud C, Arens F, Gutzwiller L, et al. Uptake of HNO3 to deliquescent sea-salt particles:a study using the short-lived radioactive isotope tracer 13N[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2002, 2(1):249-257
    [55] Finlayson-Pitts B J, Ezell M J, Pitts Jr J N. Formation of chemically active chlorine compounds by reactions of atmospheric NaCl particles with gaseous N2O5 and ClONO2[J]. Nature 1989, 337(6204):241-244
    [56] Thornton J A, Kercher J P, Riedel T P, et al. A large atomic chlorine source inferred from mid-continental reactive nitrogen chemistry[J]. Nature, 2010, 464(7286):271-274
    [57] Cadle R C, Robbins R C. Physical and chemical properties. Kinetics of atmospheric chemical reactions involving aerosols[J]. Discuss Faraday Soc, 1960, 30:155-161
    [58] Aubin D G, Abbatt J P. Adsorption of gas-phase nitric acid to n-hexane soot:Thermodynamics and mechanism[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2003, 107(50):11030-11037
    [59] Nienow A M, Roberts J T. Heterogeneous chemistry of carbon aerosols[J]. Annu Rev Phys Chem, 2006, 57:105-128
    [60] IPCC W. Climate Change 2007:The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007
    [61] Alexander D T L, Crozier P A, Anderson J R. Brown carbon spheres in east asian outflow and their optical properties[J]. Science, 2008, 321(5890):833-836
    [62] Tosca M G, Randerson J T, Zender C S,et al. Do biomass burning aerosols intensify drought in equatorial Asia during El Nio?[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2010, 10(8):3515-3528
    [63] Jacobson M Z. Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols[J]. Nature 2001, 409 (6821):695-697
    [64] Ammann M, Kalberer M, Jost D T, et al. Heterogeneous production of nitrous acid on soot in polluted air masses[J].Nature,1998, 395(6698):157-160
    [65] Arens F, Gutzwiller L, Baltensperger U, et al. Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on diesel soot particles[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2001, 35(11):2191-2199
    [66] Al-Abadleh H A, Grassian V H. Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on hexane soot:A Knudsen cell and FT-IR study[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2000, 104(51):11926-11933
    [67] Alcala-Jornod C, van den Bergh H, Rossi M J. Reactivity of NO2 and H2O on soot generated in the laboratory:a diusion tube study at ambient temperature[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2000, 2(24):5584-5593
    [68] Stadler D, Rossi M J. The reactivity of NO2 and HONO on flame soot at ambient temperature:The influence of combustion conditions[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2000, 2(23):5420-5429
    [69] Prince A P, Wade J L, Grassian V H, et al. Heterogeneous reactions of soot aerosols with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid:atmospheric chamber and Knudsen cell studies[J]. Atmos Environ, 2002, 36(36/37):5729-5740
    [70] Tabor K, Gutzwiller L, Rossi M J. Heterogeneous chemical kinetics of NO2 on amorphous carbon at ambient temperature[J]. J Phys Chem, 1994, 98(24):6172-6182
    [71] Kirchner U, Scheer V, Vogt R. FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the mechanism and kinetics of the heterogeneous reactions of NO2 and HNO3 with soot[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2000, 104 (39):8908-8915
    [72] Saathoff H, Naumann K H, Riemer N, et al. The loss of NO2, HNO3, NO3 /N2O5, and HO2/HOONO2 on soot aerosol:a chamber and modeling study[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2001, 28(10):1957-1960
    [73] Longfellow C A, Ravishankara A R, Hanson D R. Reactive uptake on hydrocarbon soot:Focus on NO2[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 1999, 104(D11):13833-13840
    [74] Kleffmann J, Becker K H, Lackhoff M, et al. Heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on carbonaceous surfaces[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 1999, 17 1(24):5443-5450
    [75] Lelièvre S, Bedjanian Y, Laverdet G, et al. Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 with hydrocarbon flame soot[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2004, 108 (49):10807-10817
    [76] Kleffmann J, Wiesen P. Heterogeneous conversion of NO2 and NO on HNO3 treated soot surfaces:atmospheric implications[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5(1):77-83
    [77] Muoz M S S, Rossi M J. Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3 with flame soot generated under different combustion conditions. Reaction mechanism and kinetics[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2002, 4(20):5110-5118
    [78] 王明星. 大气化学[M].北京:气象出版社,1999
    [79] Khalil M A K, Rasmussen R A. Global sources, lifetimes and mass balances of carbonyl sulfide(OCS) and carbon disulfide(CS2) in the Earth’s atmosphere[J]. Atmos Environ, 1984, 18(9):1805-1813
    [80] 于凤莲.城市大气气溶胶细粒子的化学成分及其来源[J]. 气象,2002,28(11):3-6
    [81] 吴雷,王慧.城市颗粒物污染来源与特性分析[J]. 干早环境监测,2003,17(3):157-159
    [82] 汪安璞,杨淑兰,沙因.北京大气气溶胶单个颗粒的化学表征[J]. 环境化学,1996,15(6):488-495
    [83] 臧家业,张代洲,石广玉,等.沙尘粒子在我国内陆传输过程中对硫酸盐和硝酸盐生成的影响[J]. 海洋科学进展,2003,21(3):266-271
    [84] Kerminen V M, Pirjola L, Boy M, et al. Interaction between SO2 and submicron atmospheric particles[J].Atmos Res, 2000, 54(1):41-57
    [85] Goodman A L, Li P, Usher C R, et al. Heterogeneous uptake of sulfur dioxide on aluminum and magnesium oxide particles[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(25):6109-6120
    [86] Zhang X Y, Zhuang G S, Chen J M, et al. Heterogeneous reactions of sulfur dioxide on typical mineral particles[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2006, 110 (25):12588-12596
    [87] Fu H B, Wang X, Wu H B, et al. Heterogeneous uptake and oxidation of SO2 on iron oxides[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111(16):6077-6085
    [88] Ma Q X, Liu Y C, He H. Synergistic effect between NO2 and SO2 in their adsorption and reaction on gamma-Alumina[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2008, 112 (29):6630-6635
    [89] Usher C R, Al-Hosney H, Carlos-Cuellar S, et al. A laboratory study of the heterogeneous uptake and oxidation of sulfur dioxide on mineral dust particles[J]. J Geophys Res, 2002, 107(D23):4713-4721
    [90] Prince A P, Kleiber P, Grassian V H, et al. Heterogeneous interactions of calcite aerosol with sulfur dioxide and sulfur dioxide-nitric acid mixtures[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2007, 9(26):3432-3439
    [91] Baltrusaitis J, Usher C R, Grassian V H. Reactions of sulfur dioxide on calcium carbonate single crystal and particle surfaces at the adsorbed water carbonate interface[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2007, 9(23):3011-3024
    [92] Li L, Chen Z M, Zhang Y H, et al. Kinetics and mechanism of heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on surface of calcium carbonate[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2006, 6(9):2453-2464
    [93] Ullerstam M, Vogt R, Langer S, et al. The kinetics and mechanism of SO2 oxidation by O3 on mineral dust[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2002, 4(19):4694-4699
    [94] Adams J W, Rodriguez D, Cox R A. The uptake of SO2 on Saharan dust:a flow tube study[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5(10):2679-2689
    [95] Mller D. On the global natural sulphur emission[J]. Atmos Environ, 1984, 18(1):29-39
    [96] 吴洪波,王晓,陈建民等,羰基硫与气溶胶典型组分的复相反应机制[J]. 科学通报,2004,49(8):739-743
    [97]
    [98] Chen H H, Kong L D, Chen J M, et al. Heterogeneous uptake of carbonyl sulifide on hematite and hematite-NaCl mixtures[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2007, 41(18):6484-6490
    [99] He H, Liu J F, Mu Y J, et al. Heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on atmospheric particles and alumina[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2005, 39(24):9637-9642
    [100] Liu J F, Yu Y B, Mu Y J, et al. Mechanism of heterogeneous oxidation of carbonyl sulfide on Al2O3:an in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy investigation[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2006, 110(7):3225-3230
    [101] 刘俊锋. 羰基硫在土壤和矿质大气颗粒物上的吸收与转化. 中国科学院博士学位论文, 2006
    [102] Watts S F. The mass budgets of carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide[J]. Atmos Environ, 2000, 34(5):761-779
    [103] Gebel M E, Finlayson-Pitts B J, Ganske J A. The uptake of SO2 on synthetic sea salt and some of its components[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2000, 27(6):887-890
    [104] Laskin A, Gaspar D J, Wang W H, et al. Reactions at interfaces as a source of sulfate formation in sea-salt particles[J]. Science, 2003, 301(5631):340-344
    [105] Li L, Chen Z M, Zhang Y H, et al. Heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone on the surface of sodium chloride and its mixtures with other components[J]. J Geophys Res, 2007, 112, D18301, doi:10.1029/2006JD008207
    [106] Novakov T, Chang S G, Harker A B. Sulfates as pollution particulates. Catalytic formation on carbon (soot) particles[J]. Science, 1974, 186(4160):259-261
    [107] Benner W H, Brodzinsky R, Novakov T. Oxidation of sulfur dioxide in droplets which contain soot particles[J]. Atmos Environ, 1982, 16(6):1333-1339
    [108] Brodzinsky R, Chang S G, Markowitz S S, et al. Kinetics and mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide on carbon in aqueous suspensions[J]. J Phys Chem, 1980, 84(25):3354-3358
    [109] Chang S G, Toossi R, Novakov T. The importance of soot particles and nitrous acid in oxidizing sulfur dioxide in atmospheric aqueous droplets[J]. Atmos Environ, 1981, 15(7):1287-1292
    [110] Toossi R, Novakov T. The lifetime of aerosols in ambient air:consideration of the effects of surfactants and chemical reactions[J]. Atmos Environ, 1985, 19():127-133
    [111] Smith D M and Chughtai A R. The surface structure and reactivity of black carbon[J]. Colloids Surf. A 1995, 105(1):47-77
    [112] Rogaski C A, Golden D M, Williams L R. Reactive uptake and hydration experiments on amorphous carbon treated with NO2, SO2, O3, HNO3, and H2SO4[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1997, 24(4):381-384
    [113] Mészáros A, Mészáros E. Sulfate formation on elemental carbon particles[J]. Aerosol Sci Technol, 1989, 10(2):337-342
    [114] Gentilizza M and Vadjic V. The effect of various types of soot on the behavior of sulfur dioxide in the air investigated on model systems[J]. Sci Total Environ, 1985, 41(1):45-53
    [115] Molina-Sabio M, Muecas A M A, Rodríguez-Reinoso F, et al. Adsorption of CO2 and SO2 on activated carbons with a wide range of micropore size distribution[J]. Carbon, 1995, 33(12):1777-1782
    [116] Mamane Y and Gottlieb J. The study of heterogeneous reactions of carbonaceous particles with sulfur and nitrogen oxides using a single particle approach[J]. J Aerosol Sci, 1989, 20(5):575-584
    [117] Oyama S T. Chemical and catalytic properties of ozone[J]. Catal Rev-Sci Eng, 2000, 42(3):279-322
    [118] Li W, Oyama S T. Mechanism of ozone decomposition on a manganese oxide catalyst. 2. Steady-state and transient kinetic studies[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1998, 120(35):9047-9052
    [119] Hanisch F, Crowley J N. Ozone decomposition on Saharan dust:an experimental investigation[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2003, 3(1):119-130
    [120] Dentener F J, Carmichael G R, Zhang Y, et al. Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere[J]. J Geophys Res, 1996, 101(D17):22869-22889
    [121] Prospero J M, Schmitt R, Cuevas E, et al. Temporal variability of summer-time ozone and aerosols in the free troposphere over the eastern North Atlantic[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1995, 22(21):2925-2928
    [122] Michel A E, Usher C R, Grassian V H. Reactive uptake of ozone on mineral oxides and mineral dusts[J]. Atmos Environ, 2003, 37(23):3201-3211
    [123] Usher C R, Michel A E, Stec D, et al. Laboratory studies of ozone uptake on processed mineral dust[J]. Atmos Environ, 2003, 37(38):5337-5347
    [124] Oum K W, Lakin M J, DeHaan D O, et al. Formation of Molecular Chlorine from the Photolysis of Ozone and Aqueous Sea-Salt Particles[J]. Science, 1998, 279(5347):74-77
    [125] Oum K W, Lakin M J, Finlayson-Pitts, B J. Bromine activation in the troposphere by the dark reaction of O3 with seawater ice[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1998, 25(21):3923-3926
    [126] Hirokawa J, Onaka K, Kajii Y, et al. Heterogenenous processes involving sodium halide particles and ozone: molecular bromine release in the marine boundary layer in the absence of nitrogen oxides[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1998, 25(13):2449-2452
    [127] Il’in S D, Selikhanovich V V, Gershenzon Y M, et al. Study of heterogeneous ozone loss on materials typical of atmospheric aerosol species[J]. Sov J Chem Phys, 1991, 8:1858-1880.
    [128] Mochida M, Hirokawa J, Akimoto H. Unexpected large uptake of O3 on sea salts and the observed Br2 formation Geophys[J]. Res Lett, 2000, 27(17):2629-2632
    [129] Sadanaga Y, Hirokawa J, Akimoto H. Formation of molecular chlorine in dark condition:Heterogeneous reaction of ozone with sea salt in the presence of ferric ion[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 2001, 28(23):4433-4436
    [130] Stephens S, Rossi M J, Golden D M. The heterogeneous reaction of ozone on carbonaceous surfaces[J]. Int J Chem Kinet, 1986, 18(10):1133-1149
    [131] Fendel W, Matter D, Burtscher H, et al. Interaction between carbon or iron aerosol particles and ozone[J]. Atmos Environ, 1995, 29(9):967-973
    [132] Lelièvre S, Bedjanian Y, Pouvesle N, et al. Heterogeneous reaction of ozone with hydrocarbon flame soot[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2004, 6(6):1181-1191
    [133] Bekki S. On the possible role of aircraft-generated soot in the middle latitude ozone depletion[J]. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D9):10751-10758
    [134] Lary D J, Toumi R, Lee A M, et al. Carbon aerosols and atmospheric photochemistry[J]. J Geophys Res, 1997, 102(D3):3671-3682
    [135] Kamm S, Mhler O, Naumann K H, et al. The heterogeneous reaction of ozone with soot aerosol[J]. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33(28):4651-4661
    [136] Simth D M and Chughtai A R. Reaction kinetics of ozone at low concentrations with n-hexane soot[J]. J Geophys Res, 1996, 101(D14):19607-19620
    [137] Simth D M, Chughtai A R. Photochemical effects in the heterogeneous reaction of soot with ozone at low concentrations[J]. J Atmos Chem, 1997, 26:77-91
    [138] Daly H M, Horn A B. Heterogeneous chemistry of toluene, kerosene and diesel soots[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2009, 11(7):1069-1076
    [139] Decesaria S, Facchinia M C, Mattaa E, et al. Water soluble organic compounds formed by oxidation of soot[J]. Atmos Environ, 2002, 36(11):1827-1832
    [140] McCabe J, Abbatt J P D. Heterogeneous loss of gas-phase ozone on n-hexane soot surfaces:Similar kinetics to loss on other chemically unsaturated solid surfaces[J]. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113(6):2120-2127
    [141] Plschl U, Letzel T, Schauer C, et al. Interaction of ozone and water vapor with spark discharge soot aerosol particles coated with benzo pyrene:O3 and H2O adsorption, benzo pyrene degradation, and atmospheric implications[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2001, 105(16):4029-4041
    [142] Alebi Jureti A, Cvita T, Klasinc L. Kinetics of heterogeneous ozone reactions[J]. Chemosphere, 2000, 41(5):667-670
    [143] Liu Y C, Liu C, Ma J Z, et al. Structural and hygroscopic changes of soot during heterogeneous reaction with O3[J]. Phys chem chem phys, 2010, 12(36): 10896-10903
    [144] Carlos-Cuellar S, Li P, Christensen A P, et al. Heterogeneous uptake kinetics of volatile organic compounds on oxide surfaces using a Knudsen cell reactor:Adsorption of acetic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol on α-Fe2O3, α-Al2O3, and SiO2[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2003, 107(21):4250-4261
    [145] 徐冰烨. 甲醛在矿质氧化物颗粒表面的大气非均相反应. 北京大学博士学位论文, 2006.
    [146] Zhao Y, Chen Z and Zhao J. Heterogeneous reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone on α-Al2O3 particles[J]. Environ Sci Technol, 2010, 44 (6):2035-2041
    [147] Chen Z M, Jie C Y, Li S, et al. Heterogeneous reactions of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone:Kinetics and mechanisms of uptake and ozonolysis on silicon dioxide[J]. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113, D22303, doi:10.1029/2007JD009754.
    [148] Knipping E M, Lakin M J, Foster K L, et al. Experiments and simulations of ion-enhanced interfacial chemistry on aqueous NaCl aerosols[J]. Science, 2000, 288(5464):301-307
    [149] Aubin D G, Abbatt J P D. Interaction of NO2 with hydrocarbon soot:Focus on HONO yield, surface modification, and mechanism[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2007, 111(28), 6263-6273
    [150] Miller T M and Grassian V H. Heterogeneous chemistry of NO2 on mineral oxide particles:Spectroscopic evidence for oxide-coordinated and water-solvated surface nitrate[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 1998, 25(20):3835-3838
    [151] Hung H M, Katrib Y and Martin S T. Products and mechanisms of the reaction of oleic acid with ozone and nitrate radical[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2005, 109(20):4517-4530
    [152] Eliason T L, Aloisio S, Donaldson D J, et al. Processing of unsaturated organic acid films and aerosols by ozone[J]. Atmos Environ, 2003, 37(16):2207-2219
    [153] 崔虎雄,成天涛,陈建民,等.SO2在Fe2O3颗粒表面不同温度下非均相反应的实验模拟[J]. 物理化学学报,2008, 24(12):2331-2336
    [154] Usher C R, Baltrusaitis J, Grassian V H. Spatially resolved product formation in the reaction of formic acid with calcium carbonate (1014):The role of step density and adsorbed water-assisted ion mobility[J]. Langmuir, 2007, 23(13):7039-7045
    [155] Liu Y J, Zhu T, Zhao D F, et al. Investigation of the hygroscopic properties of Ca(NO3)2 and internally mixed Ca(NO3)2/CaCO3 particles by micro-Raman spectrometry[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2008, 8(23):7205-7215
    [156] Lu Z F, Hao J M, Hu L H. The compaction of soot particles generated by spark discharge in the propene ozonolysis system[J]. Aerosol Sci, 2008, 39(10):897-903
    [157] Pagels J, Khalizov A F, McMurry P H, et al. Processing of soot by controlled sulphuric acid and water condensation—mass and mobility relationship[J]. Aerosol Sci Tech, 2009, 43(7):629-640
    [158] Ma Q X, He H and Liu Y C. In situ DRIFTS study of hygroscopic behavior of mineral aerosol[J]. J Environ Sci, 2010, 22(4):555-560
    [159] Al-Abadleh H A and Grassian V H. Phase transitions in magnesium nitrate thin films:A transmission FT-IR study of the deliquescence and efflorescence of nitric acid reacted magnesium oxide interfaces[J]. J Phys Chem B, 2003, 107(39):10829-10839
    [160] Al-Abadleh H A, Krueger B J, Ross J L, et al. Phase transitions in calcium nitrate thin films[J]. Chem Commun, 2003, (22):2796-2797
    [161] Krueger B J, Grassian V H, Laskin A, et al. The transformation of solid atmospheric particles into liquid droplets through heterogeneous chemistry:Laboratory insights into the processing of calcium containing mineral dust aerosol in the troposphere[J].Geophys Res Lett, 2003, 30(3):1148-1151
    [162] Al-Abadleh H A, Al-Hosney H A and Grassian V H. Oxide and carbonate surfaces as environmental interfaces:the importance of water in surface composition and surface reactivity[J]. J Mol Catal A:Chem, 2005, 228(1/2):47-54
    [163] Alexander L, Martin J I, Aviad I, et al. Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate dust particles[J]. Faraday Discuss, 2005, 130:453-468
    [164] Shi Z B, Zhang D Z, Hayashi M, et al. Influences of sulfate and nitrate on the hygroscopic behaviour of coarse dust particles[J]. Atmos Environ, 2008, 42(4):822-827
    [165] Zhang R Y, Khalizov A F, Pagels J, et al. Variability in morphology, hygroscopicity, and optical properties of soot aerosols during atmospheric processing[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2008, 105(30):10291-10296
    [166] Geoge I J, Chang R Y W, Vlasenko D A, et al. Modification of cloud condensation nucleus activity of organic aerosols by hydroxyl radical heterogeneous oxidation[J]. Atmos Environ, 2009, 43(32):5038-5045
    [167] George I J, Abbatt J P D. Chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol from OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2010, 10(12):5551-5563
    [168] Chang R Y W, Slowik J G, Shantz N C, et al. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of ambient organic aerosol at a field site subject to biogenic and anthropogenic influences:relationship to degree of aerosol oxidation[J]. Atmos Chem Phys, 2010, 10(11):5047-5064
    [169] Jimenez J L, Canagaratna M R, Donahue N M, et al. Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere[J]. Science, 2009, 326(5959):1525-1529.
    [170] Fan J, Zhang R, Tao W K, et al. Effects of aerosol optical properties on deep convective clouds and radiative forcing[J]. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113, D08209, DOI:10.1029/2007JD009257
    [171] Zhang R Y, Suh I, Zhao J, et al. Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5676):1487-1490
    [172] Ramanathan V, Carmichael G. Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon[J]. Nat Geosci, 2008, 1(4):221-227
    [173] Zhang R Y, Tie X X, Bond D W. Impacts of anrhropogenic and natural NO<em>x sources over the U.S. on tropospheric chemistry[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 2003, 100(4):1505-1509
    [174] Li G, Zhang R, Fan J, et al. Impacts of black carbon aerosol on photolysis and ozone[J]. J Geophys Res, 2005, 110, D23206, DOI:10.1029/2005JD005898
    [175] Khalizov A F, Zhang R, Zhang D, et al. Formation of highly hygroscopic soot aerosols upon internal mixing with sulfuric acid vapor[J]. J Geophys Res, 2009, 114, D05208, DOI:10.1029/2008JD010595
    [176] Xue H, Khalizov A F, Wang L, et al. Effects of dicarboxylic acid coating on the optical properties of soot[J]. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2009, 11(36):7869-7875
    [177] Shiraiwa M, Kondo Y, Iwamoto T, et al. Amplification of light absorption of black carbon by organic coating[J]. Aerosol Sci Technol, 2010, 44(1):46-54
    [178] Mikhailov E F, Vlasenko S S, Podgorny I A, et al. Optical properties of soot-water drop agglomerates:An experimental study[J]. J Geophys Res, 2006, 111, D07209, DOI:10.1029/2005JD006389
    [179] Khalizov A F, Xue H X, Wang L, et al. Enhanced light absorption and scattering by carbon soot aerosol internally mixed with sulfuric acid[J]. J Phys Chem A, 2009, 113(6):1066-1074
    [180] Schuttlefield J, Rubasinghege G, EI-Maazawi M, et al. Photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130(37):12210-12211
    [181] 刘永春. 羰基硫在矿质氧化物上的非均相反应. 中国科学院博士学位论文, 2008
  • 加载中
WeChat 点击查看大图
计量
  • 文章访问数:  3278
  • HTML全文浏览数:  2830
  • PDF下载数:  521
  • 施引文献:  0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2010-08-19
马金珠, 刘永春, 马庆鑫, 刘畅, 贺泓. 大气非均相反应及其环境效应[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
引用本文: 马金珠, 刘永春, 马庆鑫, 刘畅, 贺泓. 大气非均相反应及其环境效应[J]. 环境化学, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
shu
MA Jinzhu, LIU Yongchun, MA Qingxin, LIU Chang, HE Hong. ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
Citation: MA Jinzhu, LIU Yongchun, MA Qingxin, LIU Chang, HE Hong. ATMOSPHERIC HETEROGENEOUS REACTIONS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2011, 30(1): 97-119.
shu

大气非均相反应及其环境效应

  • 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京, 100085
  • 收稿日期:  2010-08-19
基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(20937004,20877084)

中国科学院知识创新工程(KZCX2-YW-Q02-03)资助.

摘要: 大气颗粒物是地球大气的重要组成成分之一,对全球气候和区域环境质量具有重要影响.由于大气颗粒物具有区域特征强、寿命较短和组成多样且不均匀等特点,使得其气候和环境效应具有相当大的不确定性.而颗粒物表面发生的非均相反应,一方面可改变痕量气体的源汇平衡,另一方面会改变颗粒物本身的表面组成、形貌和与之相关的吸湿性和光学性质,从而进一步加剧了颗粒物气候和环境效应的不确定性.本文从非均相反应的角度,综述了大气环境中重要的非均相反应过程及其环境效应,并对目前非均相大气化学领域研究中存在的问题进行了评述.

English Abstract

    全文HTML

参考文献 (181)

返回顶部

目录

/

返回文章
返回

Copyright © 2019 中国科学院生态环境研究中心