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挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)来源广泛,对大气环境和人体健康均有不利影响[1-3]。常见VOCs控制技术有吸附[4]、吸收[5]、冷凝[6]等回收技术和热氧化[7]、低温等离子体[8]、生物法[9]等销毁技术。工业中较为常用的技术为吸附和热氧化(包括蓄热燃烧、催化燃烧等)[10]。然而,吸附法仅仅将污染物进行了转移,后期存在吸附剂再生问题。而热氧化主要用于高浓度VOCs处理[11],且存在能量效率低的问题。相比之下,低温等离子体因其具有可快速启动和关闭、能耗低、净化效率高等特点而广受研究者关注[12-14]。
低温等离子体的产生方法有介质阻挡放电(DBD)、电晕放电、滑动弧放电、辉光放电等[15]。其中DBD是一种最为常见的低温等离子体产生方法,其放电均匀且稳定[16]。传统的DBD反应器是在高压电极和接地极之间嵌入一层绝缘介质,然而单一的介质阻挡放电低温等离子体在降解VOCs时存在副产物多、能量效率低等问题[17]。有研究[18-19]发现,若在两电极之间加入双层介质,在外加电压下,形成双介质阻挡放电(DDBD),可以有效提高VOCs的去除率并抑制副产物的产生。ZHANG等[18]比较了单双介质阻挡放电对苯乙烯降解的影响,发现DDBD反应器比DBD反应器的CO和CO2选择性提高了40%,同时DBD反应器中生成大量油状有机副产物,而DDBD反应器中则没有。TANG等[19]对比了单双介质阻挡放电反应器对NO的去除,发现DDBD反应器中产生的放电更加均匀稳定,使能量可以得到高效利用,而DBD反应器中的放电强度较大,有利于NO的去除。但李云霞等[20]的研究发现,当外加电压(4.0~6.5 kV)较低时,单介质反应器的CS2去除率高于双介质反应器。因此,双介质阻挡放电反应器对于某种污染物的去除效果并非绝对的优于单介质反应器,而要视具体条件而定。目前,关于双介质和单介质阻挡放电低温等离子体在不同条件下降解VOCs的系统比较研究仍然较少。因此,比较2种反应器在不同条件下的VOCs降解效果,可为实际应用过程中反应器的合理选择提供参考。
本研究首先对比分析了单介质和双介质反应器的放电特征,随后以甲苯为目标污染物,以甲苯去除率、矿化率、CO2选择性为指标,分析了2种反应器在不同电压、不同浓度下对甲苯的去除效果,并对副产物O3、N2O以及反应器的能量效率进行了比较分析。
单介质和双介质阻挡放电低温等离子体降解甲苯的比较
Comparison of single and double dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma for toluene removal
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摘要: 为研究介质阻挡放电(DBD)反应器结构对低温等离子体降解甲苯的影响,设计了具有单层介质和双层介质的DBD反应器。对2种反应器的放电特征、甲苯去除率、矿化率、CO2选择性和能量效率进行了比较,并对施加电压和初始浓度对甲苯降解效果的影响进行了分析。结果表明:在相同电压下,双介质反应器(DDBD)具有更高的电场强度,而单介质反应器(SDBD)的输入功率更高;当甲苯浓度和电压分别为616、1 027、1 848 mg·m−3和14~24 kV时,双介质中的甲苯去除率为9.4%~100%、7.4%~99%、5.1%~64%,单介质为67%~98%、46%~90%、26%~59%。这说明低电压下单介质反应器的甲苯去除率更高,而高电压下则相反,并且,浓度降低、电压升高有利于甲苯的降解。单介质反应器的能量效率随电压升高而降低,双介质反应器则先升高后下降,且双介质反应器的能量效率高于单介质反应器(16~24 kV)。以上研究可为介质阻挡放电在VOCs去除方面的应用提供参考。Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor structure on toluene degradation in non-thermal plasma, reactors with single and double barrier were designed. The discharge characteristics, toluene removal efficiency, mineralization rate, CO2 selectivity and energy efficiency of the two rectors were compared, and the effects of voltage and initial concentration on toluene degradation were analyzed. The results indicated that DDBD reactor had higher electric field strength and SDBD reactor had higher power under the same applied voltage. The removal efficiency of toluene in the DDBD reactor ranged from 9.4%~100%, 7.4%~99%, 5.1%~64% and that in the SDBD reactor ranged from 67%~98%, 46%~90%, 26%~59%, when the initial toluene concentration and the applied voltage were 616, 1 027, 1 848 mg·m−3 and were 14~24 kV, respectively. It showed that SDBD has a higher toluene removal efficiency at low applied voltage, while the removal efficiency is higher in DDBD at a higher applied voltage. Moreover, the decrease of toluene concentration and the increase of applied voltage were favorable for toluene degradation. In SDBD, the energy efficiency decreased with the increase of applied voltage, while that of the DDBD reactor first increased and then decreased. The energy efficiency of the DDBD reactor was higher than that of the SDBD reactor at 16~24 kV. The present study could provide reference for the application of DBD in VOCs abatement.
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