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随着化工、印染、纺织、造纸等行业的迅速发展,人类所面临的水污染环境问题愈发突出,亟待得到妥善处理。其中染料废水含有难以生物降解的有机大分子,使用常规水处理技术无法彻底将其从水中去除,因此需要找到处理效率高且经济成本合理的处理方式[1-3]。采用基于硫酸根自由基的高级氧化水处理技术可以有效去除难生物降解污染物,过硫酸盐过氧键可以断裂产生硫酸根自由基(
$ {\rm{SO}}_{\rm{4}}^{ \cdot {\rm{ - }}}$ ),其氧化还原电位与羟基自由基近似,且具有选择性更强、在溶液中存在时间更长、pH范围宽广的优点[4-6]。在非均相硫酸根自由基体系中引入可见光,通过光生电子与空穴的迁移作用,能够加速产生一系列活性自由基,从而提高氧化效率,更快的将有机污染物矿化为CO2和H2O。刘杨等[7]研究了可见光下TiO2催化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B,在30 min中内降解率达到100%。张塞等[8]研究了g-C3N4在可见光下活化过二硫酸盐(PS)对双酚A的光降解活性,RGO/g-C3N4催化剂在40 min内能够完全去除溶液中的BPA。目前,协同可见光催化过硫酸盐体系增强光催化材料的效能,以及研究复合体系协同降解机理的研究仍然较为缺乏,需要继续开展深入的理论研究。在半导体光催化材料中,BiVO4以其独特的价带结构,展现出良好的光催化性能以及光生电子与空穴迁移性能。但是,单独的BiVO4材料的光催化效率较低,电子和空穴无法有效分离[9-11]。因此,需要对BiVO4进行修饰,以增强光降解效率。通过在BiVO4结构中引入铜元素,可影响BiVO4的能带结构,提高电荷载流子的分离效率,完成对光生电子空穴的转移、分离及复合的控制,从而增强光催化效率[12-14]。
本研究针对可见光助过硫酸盐体系存在的问题,以LED灯为可见光光源,进行了光催化降解实验。LED灯具有使用寿命长,高效节能且绿色环保的优点。依据BiVO4分子结构特点,将Cu掺杂到BiVO4中,制备Cu元素掺杂BiVO4光催化剂,研究了Cu-BiVO4光催化剂应用于可见光助过硫酸盐体系的强化与协同作用,以及催化剂投加量、PMS浓度、pH等影响因素的作用,并探讨了可见光助Cu-BiVO4活化PMS技术对橙黄Ⅱ的协同降解作用机制。
铜掺杂钒酸铋光催化降解橙黄II废水及其机理
Preparation and photocatalytic properties of Cu-BiVO4 catalyst for the degradation of orange II under visible light
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摘要: 针对大多数半导体可见光催化剂光生载流子容易复合、光催化活性受限制的问题,制备了Cu元素掺杂BiVO4可见光催化剂,对BiVO4结构进行修饰以提高其光催化活性。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对其进行了表征,对Cu掺杂BiVO4光催化剂的光催化活性和稳定性进行了检测。结果表明,制备的样品纯度较高,Cu掺杂后并未改变BiVO4的晶体结构,部分Bi3+离子被Cu2+取代,从而提高了BiVO4的可见光催化活性。Cu掺杂BiVO4催化剂能够在可见LED光照射下,活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)进行光催化降解染料橙黄Ⅱ。当催化剂投加量为0.5 g·L−1、过一硫酸盐投加量为0.6 mmol·L−1,反应60 min后,Cu掺杂BiVO4催化剂对橙黄Ⅱ的降解率最高。经过Cu掺杂后,光生电子和空穴的分离效率有所提高,增强了BiVO4的光催化活性。Cu-BiVO4光催化剂经5次重复使用后,对橙黄Ⅱ的降解效率仍然可以达到78.3%以上,其展现出优异的催化稳定性。Abstract: Aiming at the problems of easy recombination of photocarriers and restriction of catalytic activity of most semiconductor visible light catalysts, Cu-BiVO4 was successfully prepared through one-step hydro-thermal method by doping copper into the structure of BiVO4 for its activity enhancement. Cu-BiVO4 was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS and UV-vis Method. The photocatalytic activity and stability of Cu dopped BiVO4 catalyst were detected. The results showed that the prepared Cu-BiVO4 was high purity, Cu dopping didn’t change the crystal structure of BiVO4, some Bi3+ ions were substituted by Cu2+ ions, then the visible light catalytic activity of BiVO4 increased. Under the irradiation of visible LED light, Cu-BiVO4 could activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and photocatalytic degrade orangeⅡ. The results revealed that the highest degradation efficiency of orange Ⅱ occurred at Cu-BiVO4 dosage of 0.5 g·L−1, PMS concentration of 0.6 mmol·L−1and 60 min oxidation. The catalytic performance of Cu-BiVO4 was better than that of pure BiVO4. And the degradation efficiency of orange Ⅱ could still maintain over 78.3% after Cu-BiVO4 recycled for five times, which indicated a good stability of Cu-BiVO4. By the introduce of copper element into the structure of BiVO4, the separation efficiency of photo generated electrons and holes increased, which enhanced the catalytic activity of BiVO4, made Cu-BiVO4 an effective photocatalytic catalyst with good catalytic and reusable properties.
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Key words:
- Cu-BiVO4 /
- photocatalysis /
- visible light /
- orange Ⅱ
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