摘要:
有机锡作为防污损生物附着添加剂曾被大量使用,在极低浓度下就能诱发腹足类发生性畸变现象,严重危害了海洋生态系统的平衡。虽然三丁基锡已被国际海事组织全球禁用,但目前报道的环境有机锡污染仍然非常严重,而且其致毒机制一直众说纷纭。首先,简述了腹足类性畸变及其在世界各个海域有机锡污染监测中的应用,重点综述了有机锡致海洋腹足类性畸变分子机制的3种假说:脊椎动物类型的类固醇激素假说、神经肽假说以及视黄酸X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)假说,另外,结合快速发展的分子生物学技术,探讨了研究腹足类性畸变分子机制的新思路和新方法。
关键词:
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有机锡
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腹足类
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性畸变
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分子机制
Abstract:
Organotin compounds had been widely used as additives of antifouling paints. These compounds were demonstrated as inducers of imposex in gastropods at very low concentrations, which severely damaged the marine ecosystems. Even though a global ban on tributyltin has been enacted by the International Maritime Organization, the organotin pollution is still serious as reported recently, and the molecular mechanism of imposex caused by organotin compounds is in dispute. In this article, the imposex caused by the organotin in gastropods and its application for evaluating world wide organotin contamination were briefly reviewed. Three hypothesized molecular mechanisms for organotin-induced imposex in gastropods were highlighted as follows:imbalance of vertebrate-type sex steroids level, abnormal release of neuropeptide, and activation of retinoid X receptor. Additionally, new thoughts and methods adhere to the newly developed molecular technique were proposed to investigate the overall molecular mechanisms of imposex in gastropods.
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