铜及氧化铜纳米颗粒对浮萍、藻类的毒性效应及机理研究进展
Toxicity and the Underlying Mechanisms of Copper and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles to Duckweed and Algae: A Review
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摘要: 由于大量的生产和使用，铜及氧化铜纳米颗粒不可避免地被排放到环境当中。水生植物属于生态系统的初级生产者，纳米颗粒对其造成的损伤及在其体内的积累很可能会通过食物链或食物网进行传递，从而威胁生态系统乃至人类健康。因此，本文就现有研究中铜及氧化铜纳米颗粒对2类重要水生植物（即浮萍、藻类）的毒性效应及致毒机理进行了总结。通过分析发现纳米颗粒的浓度、粒径以及暴露体系的pH值、溶解性有机质、温度和紫外线等环境因素均能影响铜及氧化铜纳米颗粒的毒性效应。据此提出今后相关研究中需更加关注水生植物对铜、氧化铜纳米颗粒及Cu2+的吸收及积累情况，以及区分纳米颗粒本身及Cu2+的毒性贡献的重要性，这有助于深入了解铜及氧化铜纳米颗粒对浮萍、藻类的致毒机理。
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关键词:
- 铜纳米颗粒(Cu NPs) /
- 氧化铜纳米颗粒(CuO NPs) /
- 浮萍 /
- 藻类 /
- 毒性
Abstract: Due to mass production and use, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles are inevitably discharged into the environment. Aquatic plants are primary producers of the ecosystem. The accumulation of nanoparticles in aquatic plants are likely to be transferred through food chains or food webs, threatening ecosystem and even human health. Therefore, this study reviewed the existing literatures regarding the toxic effects and the associated mechanisms of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles in two important aquatic plants, i.e. duckweed and algae. Through literature comparison and analysis, the results showed that the concentration and particle size of nanoparticles, as well as the conditions of the exposure system (pH value, dissolved organic matters, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation) may affect the toxicity of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to duckweed and algae. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the uptake and accumulation of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles and Cu2+ in aquatic plants. Distinguishing the toxicity contributions of the particulate form and the dissolved form of nanoparticles is beneficial to further understanding the underlying toxicity mechanisms of copper and copper oxide nanoparticles to duckweed and algae.-
Key words:
- copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) /
- copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) /
- duckweed /
- algae /
- toxicity
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