有机磷系阻燃剂的环境分布及其在红树林系统中的行为
Environmental Distribution of Organophosphorus Flame Retardants and Their Behavior in Mangrove Ecosystem
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摘要: 作为传统阻燃剂的替代品，有机磷系阻燃剂（organophosphorus flame retardants，OPFRs）广泛应用于家具、电子、纺织及化工等行业。近年来，随着产量与使用量急剧增加，导致OPFRs在环境中不断释放，已在各种环境介质中被普遍检出；残留量与日俱增，对生态环境和人体健康产生潜在危害。湿地生态系统位于陆地生态系统与水生生态系统的交界地带，具有多种生态功能，在保护生态环境、保持生物多样性以及发展经济社会方面具有不可替代的重要作用。红树林是湿地生态系统的一种重要类型，在我国粤港澳大湾区分布范围广，面积大。目前，已在红树林中普遍检出有OPFRs，但对该地区OPFRs的污染状况研究较少。笔者综述了OPFRs在红树林环境介质（如水和沉积物）中的污染现状、其在环境介质与植物体内迁移转化途径，分析了红树植物对OPFRs的吸收与富集。此外，对未来的研究方向提出以下建议：（1）加强对OPFRs在多元环境的暴露及在生物体内转化的研究；（2）加大对OPFRs的环境效应和生态风险研究；（3）完善对OPFRs的毒性数据和毒性机制研究。Abstract: Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), an alternative of traditional flame-retardant, are widely used in furniture, electronics, textile and chemical industries. With the rapid increase of yield and usage in recent years, OPFRs have been continuously released in the environment, and commonly found in various environmental media. The ever-increasing of amount of residues, will have a potential and huge harm to the ecological environment and the human health. Wetland ecosystems which are located in the junction of land ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems, have multiple ecological functions, and have an irreplaceable role in protecting the ecological environment, maintaining biodiversity and developing the economy and society. Moreover, mangrove, an important type of wetland ecosystem, is widely distributed in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. So far, OPFRs have been commonly found in mangroves, but the pollution status of OPFRs in this area is seldom studied. Therefore, the pollution status of OPFRs in mangrove medium (e.g., water and sediment), and the migratory and transformational pathways of OPFRs in environmental media and plants will be summarized in this article. The absorption and accumulation of OPFRs by mangrove plants will also be analyzed. Above all, three proposals for the subsequent research on ecological remediation (e.g., mangrove plants) of OPFRs will be put forward:(1) strengthen the in-depth investigations on OPFRs exposure and explore the transformation mechanism in the environment or in vivo; (2) deeply detect the environmental effects and ecological risks of OPFRs; and (3) enrich datasets and toxic mechanisms of OPFRs.
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