多环芳烃类污染物对斑马鱼胁迫效应的研究进展
Advances in Research on Stress Effects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Zebrafish
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摘要: 伴随着现代工业的飞速发展，不同环境介质中污染物的种类、污染范围和污染强度也在不断改变。作为一种强生物损伤性物质，多环芳烃类污染物备受关注。鉴于生态环境中多环芳烃的污染问题日益凸显，对其毒性效应机制研究的概括和总结尤为重要。因此笔者综述了多环芳烃类污染物对斑马鱼不同生物结构层次的毒性效应研究进展，总结并比较了不同多环芳烃类污染物的毒性效应机制和毒性强度。同时就目前斑马鱼在水环境污染评价、水质综合毒性测定方面的应用进行了概述和展望。研究多环芳烃类污染物对斑马鱼的急性毒性作用和富集作用及其分子机制将对开展水环境中突发有机污染的早期预警及水环境安全评估、人体健康评估具有重要意义。
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关键词:
- 多环芳烃(PAHs) /
- 斑马鱼 /
- 致毒机制 /
- 水环境安全评估
Abstract: With the rapid development of modern industry, the types, scope, and intensity of pollutants in different environmental media are also constantly changing. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in pollutants have attracted much attention as a type of strong biologically damaging substance. PAHs mainly exist in air and water, easily entering into the human body. Because of their fat-soluble properties, they are difficult to be eliminated after entering into the human body, which causes great harm to human body. A certain amount of PAHs usually exists in natural environment such as atmospheric environment, water environment, and soil environment. The existence of PAHs is more obvious in some areas with dense populations, developed industries, and frequent traffic. Since the pollution of PAHs in the ecological environment is becoming increasingly prominent, the research on the mechanism of their toxicity is particularly important. In recent years, with the frequent appearance of health problems caused by PAHs, the toxic mechanism of PAHs has attracted more and more attention. The morphology of zebrafish during its growth and development is quite similar to that of human, and the signal pathways and genes involved at the cellular and molecular levels generally have a high degree of homology. With the deepening and specificity of water pollution research, the contribution of zebrafish, as a model organism, is increasing, and its applications are becoming more and more extensive as well. This paper reviews the research progress of the toxic effects of PAHs on zebrafish at different biological structure levels, summarizes the acute toxic effects of different PAHs on adult zebrafish and their embryos, so as to compare the mechanisms of toxic effects and toxic intensities of different PAHs pollutants. In this paper, we will focus on the research progress in the areas of behavior, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular mechanisms of zebrafish exposed to PAHs pollutants. At the same time, the application of zebrafish in the evaluation of water environment pollution and the determination of comprehensive water quality toxicity is summarized and prospected. PAHs in the water environment will enter aquatic organisms through bioaccumulation and continue to accumulate, thus changing the biological effects of organisms and causing harm to organisms. The study of the acute toxicity and enrichment of PAHs on zebrafish as well as its molecular mechanism will be of great significance to the early warning of sudden organic pollution in water environment, and the assessment of water environment safety and human health. -
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