海河水系重金属污染特征及风险评价
Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Haihe Basin
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摘要: 为探究整个海河水系重金属的污染特征及风险状况，通过收集和整理近20年间发表的文献数据，从整体上系统地分析了海河水系水体和沉积物中重金属的污染特征，并评价了其风险水平。结果表明，海河水系水体各重金属平均浓度均未超出V类水质限值，但存在个别采样点超标现象；沉积物各重金属平均浓度均超过中国水系沉积物背景值。内梅罗综合污染指数法评价表明水体重金属污染黑龙港为轻度水平，其他河流为警戒或安全水平。沉积物潜在生态风险指数分析表明海河干流处于“很强”风险等级，黑龙港和子牙河为“强”等级，镉为最主要的风险因子，是需要加强控制的重点对象。Abstract: With high population density and rapid economic development, the Haihe Basin is one of the most polluted basins in China. In order to explore the pollution characteristics and risk status of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Cd) in the whole Haihe Basin, concentrations of heavy metals in overlying waters and surface sediments in rivers in the basin’s nine watersheds were collected, using a literature metrology method, and systematically analyzed. The results showed that except for a few sampling points, none of the average concentration of heavy metals in waters exceed the level Ⅴ values in the Chinese environmental quality standards for surface water. In surface river sediments, average concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, As and Cd were 133.94, 69.07, 45.98, 32.54, 30.69, 18.63 and 0.39 mg·kg-1, respectively, and all of them exceed the background values of stream sediments in China. According to the evaluation of Nemerow integrated pollution index, the pollution of heavy metals in water in Heilonggang River was light, while those in other rivers were on alert or safety levels. Based on the potential ecological risk index, the mainstream of Haihe River was at a very strong ecological risk level, followed by Heilonggang River and Ziya River, whereas other rivers were at medium or slight risk level. Cadmium was the biggest contributor to potential ecological risks and consequently it was the key object of risk prevention and control.
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Key words:
- Haihe Basin /
- heavy metals /
- water /
- sediments /
- risk assessment
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