秸秆生物炭吸附/钝化土壤重金属的过程机理与影响因素
Mechanisms and Influencing Factors for Soil Heavy Metals Adsorption/Passivation by Straw Biochar
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摘要: 土壤重金属污染因其隐蔽性、滞后性及对环境和人体健康的危害性，已引起广泛关注。生物炭因具有较大的孔隙率、比表面积及丰富的表面官能团，常用来修复重金属污染土壤。秸秆作为农业废弃物，将其制备为生物炭是其资源化利用和减少环境污染的有效途径。因此，本文综述不同秸秆生物炭的原料、制备技术和改性方法等对吸附重金属的影响，探讨其对重金属的吸附机理以及修复重金属污染土壤实际应用效率与影响因素，包括：(1)秸秆种类及制备温度对生物炭特性和重金属污染土壤修复效率的影响；(2)秸秆生物炭吸附/钝化土壤重金属的过程与机理；(3)可提高生物炭修复重金属污染土壤效率的改性技术及其实际应用效率和影响因素。并结合秸秆生物炭制备和应用中存在的问题提出展望，以期为提高秸秆生物炭在重金属污染土壤修复效率，实现农业废弃物资源化回收利用，减少环境污染提供理论基础和技术参考。Abstract: Soil heavy metal pollution has attracted increasing attention due to its concealment, hysteretic and high risk to the environment and human health. Biochar is often used in heavy metals contaminated soils remediation for its large porosity, specific surface area and plenty of surface functional groups. As agricultural waste, transforming straw into biochar is an effective way for resource reutilization and reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, this paper reviews the influence of origin, preparation technology and modification method of different straw biochars on heavy metals adsorption, discusses adsorption mechanism and efficiency and influencing factors during their practical application. The content mainly include: (1) effects of straw origin and preparation temperature on biochar characteristics and its remediation efficiency on heavy metals contaminated soils remediation; (2) processes and mechanisms of soil heavy metals adsorption/passivation by straw-based biochar; (3) the modification methods that can improve heavy metals remediation efficiency by straw-based biochar. Based on the problems in preparation and application of straw biochar, prospects are proposed to provide theoretical bases and technical supports to improve heavy metals contaminated soils remediation efficiency by straw-based biochar and promote the reutilization of agricultural wastes thereby to reduce environmental pollution.
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Key words:
- straw /
- biochar /
- heavy metal /
- modification /
- remediation mechanism
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