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水、能源和营养物质(氮、磷)是影响人类社会生存和发展的重要资源。低能耗、高效率地实现污水中氮磷元素的去除是全球水处理领域面临的突出难题。在日常生活中,人类新陈代谢产生的大部分物质会通过尿液排放出来,尤其是尿液中N元素的含量可以高达10 000 mg·L−1[1-2]。尿液贡献了城镇生活污水中约80%的氮,但其自身体积却仅占污水总体积的不足1%[3]。N元素在工业及农业上非常有用,但其排放到水体中却会产生污染。因此,在厕所废水排放前,降低其含氮量,减少其对环境的危害是非常必要的。目前,活性污泥工艺是厕所废水处理中使用较为广泛的一种方法,但其水力停留时间较长、处理效率也较低。
微生物电解池技术(microbial electrolysis cell,MEC)是在外加电压下,电活性微生物参与的阳极氧化耦合阴极还原的过程。采用MEC处理低C/N或高氨氮废水,通常是在阳极利用有机物或氨氮作为电子供体,在阴极以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐为电子受体实现脱氮的过程。该技术是通过外加电势差实现废水中化学能的转化,在阴极实现无需外加碳源、偶联阳极氧化的自养脱氮新工艺[4-8]。现有MEC脱氮处理的相关研究,多数采用低C/N模拟废水或配制的高含氮废水(氨氮或硝态氮),尚未见实际厕所废水(以尿液为主)MEC处理工艺的相关研究。
本研究以合成钛棒为导体,碳毡作为阳极和阴极的微生物附着填料,通过构建三维单室无膜MEC反应装置,探讨了在4种不同外加微电压下单室无膜MEC装置针对尿液废水的处理效果,并对其最佳反应条件和微生物菌群进行了优化和分析评价,旨在为以尿液为主的厕所废水低能耗处理提供参考。
单室无膜微生物电解池对厕所废水的脱氮处理
Denitrification treatment of single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell for toilet wastewater
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摘要: 微生物电解池(MEC)能有效应用于污水处理。以尿液为主的厕所废水具有C/N低、含氮量高的特点,采用单室无膜MEC以间歇进水方式处理宜兴某景区厕所废水,研究了不同溶解氧、外加电压下的脱氮效果。实验结果表明,在控制较低溶解氧(DO<1 mg·L−1)条件下,外加电压为0.8 V时的脱氮效果最好,氨氮去除率为99.56%,总氮去除率为70.51%,
${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N最大累积量为46.94 mg·L−1,浊度去除率为96.76%。菌群高通量分析结果显示,MEC电解池阳极优势菌群为Thauera、Phycisphaera和Nitrospiral等,其相对丰度分别为28.7%、20.8%、16.2%,其中Thauera是一种电活性菌群具有较高电化学活性的微生物;阴极优势菌群为Nitrosomonas和Thermomonas等,其相对丰度分别为18.6%和28.4%。单室无膜MEC脱氮工艺研究可为厕所废水处理提供技术参考。-
关键词:
- 厕所废水 /
- 单室无膜微生物电解池 /
- 外加电压 /
- 脱氮
Abstract: Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can be effectively used in sewage treatment. Toilet wastewater dominated by urine has the characteristics of low C/N and high nitrogen content. A single chamber membrane-free MEC was used to treat toilet wastewater in Yixing scenic spot by intermittent feeding protocol. The denitrification effect under different dissolved oxygen and applied voltage was studied. The experimental results showed that under the condition of low dissolved oxygen (DO<1 mg·L−1) and applied voltage of 0.8 V, MEC achieved the best denitrification effect, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was 99.56%, the total nitrogen removal rate was 70.51%, the maximum accumulation of${\rm{NO}}_2^ - $ -N was 46.94 mg·L−1, and the turbidity removal rate was 96.76%. The results of high throughput microflora analysis showed that the dominant bacterial at anode of MEC were Thauera, Phycisphaera and Nitrospiral, and their relative abundance ratios were 28.7%, 20.8% and 16.2%, respectively. Of which Thauera was a kind of microorganism with high electrochemical activity. Nitrosomonas and Thermomonas were the dominant bacterialat cathode of MEC, their relative abundance ratios were 18.6% and 28.4%, respectively. Therefore, single-chamber membrane-free MEC denitrification process can be considered as a technical reference for toilet wastewater treatment. -
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