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印染行业是用水量和废水排放量均较大的行业之一。印染加工中预处理、染色、印花和整理等工序产生的废水混合而成印染废水,这个过程中残余的有机染料会随之进入到废水中[1]。有机染料种类繁多,按分子结构分类可分为偶氮染料、蒽醌染料、靛系染料、酞菁染料、硫化染料及硝基和亚硝基染料等[2]。因有机染料分子中含有芳香结构而具有化学稳定性强和生物可降解性差的特性,甚至一些有机染料具有生物毒性,导致传统的生物处理工艺难以将其脱色和去除[3]。印染废水生化出水中含有未降解的有机染料,使其色度难以达到生产回用要求或排放标准,已经成为印染废水处理的一大难题[4]。
针对上述问题,基于羟基自由基的高级氧化技术被认为是可以有效降解有机染料的处理方法并得到了广泛研究[5]。光催化氧化、Fenton氧化和电化学氧化等高级氧化技术被用于降解水中的有机染料,并显示出较好的处理效果[6-8]。然而对于印染废水而言,其生化出水具有水量大、污染物含量低和仅需脱色的特点,体系复杂及能耗高的高级氧化技术难以胜任。因此,印染废水的处理需要一种流程简单、脱色能力强且无二次污染的高级氧化技术。真空紫外高级氧化技术可满足上述全部要求并在近年来得到了广泛关注,逐渐成为研究热点。真空紫外是指波长在100~200 nm的紫外光,相对于其他波段的紫外光具有更高的能量。低压汞灯是典型的真空紫外光源之一,当灯管的材质为超纯石英时可同时辐射出波长为185 nm的真空紫外光和254 nm的UV-C波段紫外光,即为双波长紫外光源(UV185/UV254)。185 nm真空紫外光的光子能量达6.70 eV,可以将水分子直接光解生成∙OH、∙H和eaq−等高活性的氧化和还原物种[9]。UV185辐照的光子能量高于部分有机污染物分子化学键的键能,有机污染物可通过化学键直接断裂而被降解[10]。已有研究表明,双波长紫外可通过直接光氧化有效降解乐果[11]、1,4-二恶烷[12]和邻氯苯酚[13]等有机污染物。
针对不同有机染料在双波长紫外辐照体系中直接光氧化降解的对比研究,目前还鲜有报道。本研究以低压汞灯为双波长紫外光源,选取MB、RhB和AO7等典型有机染料为模型污染物,考察了UV185辐照强度、有机染料初始质量浓度和初始pH等因素对有机染料降解效能的影响,确定了主要的活性物种,并结合模型污染物光降解过程中紫外-可见光吸收光谱分析结果,推测出有机染料可能的降解机制。
双波长紫外(UV185/UV254)直接光降解有机染料的效能及反应机制
Efficacy and mechanism of direct photodegradation of organic dyes by dual-wavelength ultraviolet (UV185/UV254) irradiation
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摘要: 印染废水生化出水中残留的有机染料会导致色度超标,已经成为印染废水处理的一大难题。以双波长紫外(UV185/UV254)为光源,用于对水中亚甲基蓝(MB)、酸性橙7(AO7)和罗丹明B(RhB)等3种典型有机染料的光降解去除。考察了UV185辐照强度、有机染料初始质量浓度和初始pH等参数对3种有机染料降解动力学的影响,并对降解机理进行了探究。结果表明:当UV185辐照强度为100%、有机染料初始质量浓度为30 mg·L−1和温度为25 ℃时,光降解60 min后MB、AO7和RhB的去除率分别达到100.0%、99.0%和100.0%,且降解过程均符合伪一级反应动力学模型;UV254单波长紫外光辐照对有机染料有部分降解作用,其中对RhB降解的贡献达到了51.1%;UV185辐照强度与有机染料表观降解速率常数的关系为线性正相关;间接光降解的主要活性物种为·OH、HO2·和O2·−,其中·OH的贡献最大;UV185/UV254光降解可破坏有机染料的发色基团和芳香结构。以上研究结果可为新型双波长紫外高级氧化体系的开发及其在印染废水深度处理中的应用提供参考。Abstract: Residual organic dyes in the biotreated effluent of printing and dyeing wastewater leading to excessive chromaticity has become a major problem. A dual-wavelength ultraviolet (UV185/UV254) light source was used for the direct photodegradation of three typical organic dyes in water including methylene blue (MB), acid orange 7 (AO7) and rhodamine B (RhB). The effects of UV185 irradiation intensity, initial concentration, and initial pH on the degradation kinetics of these three types of organic dyes were investigated, and the degradation reaction mechanism was studied. The results showed that the removal rates of MB, AO7 and RhB reached 100.0%, 99.0% and 100.0%, respectively, after 60 min irradiation under the following conditions: 100% of UV185 irradiation intensity, 30 mg·L−1 initial concentration of organic dyes and 25 ℃, the degradation processes were in accordance with the pseudo-first order reaction kinetical model. The organic dyes were partially degraded by UV254 direct photolysis, of which UV254 direct photolysis accounted for 51.1% RhB degradation. The UV185 irradiation intensity was linearly correlated with the apparent degradation rate of the organic dyes; the main active species of indirect photodegradation were ·OH, HO2·and O2·−, of which ·OH presented the largest contribution. The UV-Vis absorption spectra indicated that the UV185/UV254 photodegradation destroyed the chromophores and aromatic structures of organic dyes. This study can provide a reference for the development of new dual-wavelength UV-AOPs and their application in the deep treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Key words:
- dual-wavelength ultraviolet /
- organic dyes /
- AOPs /
- degradation pathway
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表 1 3种有机染料在不同UV185辐照强度下光氧化降解过程反应动力学参数
Table 1. Kinetic parameters of photooxidation degradation of three organic dyes under different UV185 irradiation intensity
有机
染料不同UV185辐照强度下光氧化降解反应动力学参数 0% 10% 25% 50% 100% k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 MB 0.003 0.970 3 0.029 0.993 8 0.054 0.998 9 0.084 0.942 2 0.136 0.964 9 AO7 0.004 0.975 5 0.015 0.985 7 0.028 0.990 6 0.059 0.998 0 0.084 0.978 9 RhB 0.012 0.991 2 0.035 0.970 3 0.081 0.960 1 0.156 0.985 8 0.372 0.930 7 表 2 3种有机染料在不同初始质量浓度下光氧化降解过程反应动力学参数
Table 2. Kinetic parameters of photooxidation degradation of three organic dyes at different initial concentrations
有机
染料不同有机染料初始浓度下光氧化降解反应动力学参数 10 mg·L−1 30 mg·L−1 50 mg·L−1 70 mg·L−1 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 k/min−1 R2 MB 0.554 0.978 8 0.173 0.998 1 0.093 0.998 3 0.058 0.999 6 AO7 0.321 0.995 3 0.090 0.997 3 0.043 0.995 4 0.025 0.999 5 RhB 0.676 0.945 7 0.251 0.985 4 0.123 0.995 1 0.082 0.991 6 -
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